FACTOR

METHOD
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The FACTOR METHOD is more accurate
than either the portal method or the
cantilever method.
The portal method and cantilever method
depend on assumed location of hinges
and column shears whereas the factor
method is based on assumptions
regarding the elastic action of the
structure. |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
If the lateral loads are applied at the left side, this will be
the elastic behaviour of the structure
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
If the lateral loads are applied at the left side, this will be
the elastic behaviour of the structure
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
If the lateral loads are applied at the right side, this will
be the elastic behaviour of the structure
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
If the lateral loads are applied at the right side, this will
be the elastic behaviour of the structure
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 FACTOR METHOD
• Specially useful when moments of inertia of
various members are different.
Basis:
At any joint the total moment is shared by all the
members in proportion to their stiffness.
Half the moment gets carried over to the far end.

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
• 
For the application of Factor method, the
relative stiffness

(for each beam and column should be known or assumed)

Where:
I = moment of inertia of cross section
L =length of the member
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The application of the factor method involves the
following steps:
1. The girder factor (g), is determined for each joint from the following
expression.

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The application of the factor method involves the
following steps:
2. The column factor (c), is found for each joint from the following
expression

At each end of every member, there will be factors from step 1 or step 2. To these factors,
half the values of those at the other end of the same member are added.
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The application of the factor method involves the
following steps:
3. The sum obtained as per step 2 is multiplied by the relative stiffness of the
respective members. This product is termed as column moment factor (C), for
the columns and the
girder moment factor (G), for girders.

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The application of the factor method involves the
following steps:
4. Calculation of column end moments for a typical member ij - The column moment
factors [C values] give approximate relative values of column end moments. The sum of
column end moments is equal to horizontal shear of the storey multiplied by storey height.
Column end moments are evaluated by using the following equation

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The application of the factor method involves the
following steps:
5. Calculation of beam end moments - The girder moment factors [G values] give the
approximate relative beam end moments. The sum of beam end moments at a joint is equal to
the sum of column end moments at that joint. Beam end moments can be worked out by
using following equation,

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Girder∧Column Factors:
 

 Relative Stiffness of a member 𝑘 = 𝐼

𝐿

Girder factor at a joint :

 

  ∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

Column factor at a joint :

 

  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Moment factor for a member
 

  , for a column
  , for a beam
 

 𝑔𝑚=c+half of girder factor of far end

∑ 𝐶 →𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑦

 

∑ 𝐺→𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

 

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
EXAMPLE 1

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN

4m

12KN

4m

10m |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE 6m

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN
G H I

4m

D E F 12KN

4m

A B C
10m |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE 6m
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN
G H I

4m

D E F 12KN

 Relative Stiffness of a member 𝑘 = 𝐼

4m 𝐿

A B C
10m |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE 6m
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 𝐼 6KN
  𝐺𝐻 =𝑘 𝐻 𝐺 = 𝐼
𝑘   𝐻𝐼 = 𝑘 𝐼𝐻 =
𝑘
6
10
G H I
4

4
𝐼

4
𝐼
  𝐷𝐺 =𝑘 𝐺𝐷 =

  𝐸𝐻 = 𝑘 𝐻𝐸=

  𝐹𝐼 = 𝑘 𝐼𝐹 =
4m

𝑘
𝑘

𝑘
D E F 12KN
  𝐷𝐸= 𝑘 𝐸𝐷= 𝐼
𝑘   𝐸𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐸 = 𝐼
𝑘
10 6
4

4
𝐼

  𝐵𝐸= 𝑘 𝐸𝐵= 𝐼

𝐼
  𝐴𝐷 =𝑘 𝐷𝐴 =

  𝐶𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐶 =
4m

𝑘
𝑘

A B C
10m |Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE 6m
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 ∑  𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Girder factor at a joint : 𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Column factor at a joint :
  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Member I/L Factor
Joint Column Beam Column Beam

GH I/10
G = 5/7 = 2/7
GD I/4
, columns/beams I/4 I/10

, of all members 7I/20

 5/7
6KN

2/7 G H I

4m

D E F 12KN

4m

A B C
10m 6m

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 ∑  𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Girder factor at a joint : 𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Column factor at a joint :
  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Member I/L Factor
Joint Column Beam Column Beam

HG I/10

H HE I/4 = 15/31 = 16/31

HI I/6

, columns/beams I/4 4I/15

, of all members 31I/60

 5/7 15/31 15/31
6KN

2/7 G H I

16/31
4m

D E F 12KN

4m

A B C
10m 6m

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 ∑  𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Girder factor at a joint : 𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Column factor at a joint :
  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Member I/L Factor
Joint Column Beam Column Beam

IF I/4
I = 3/5 = 2/5
IH I/6

, columns/beams I/4 I/6

, of all members 5I/12

 5/7 15/31 15/31 3/5
6KN

2/7 G H I

2/5
16/31
4m

D E F 12KN

4m

A B C
10m 6m

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 ∑  𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Girder factor at a joint : 𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Column factor at a joint :
  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Member I/L Factor
Joint Column Beam Column Beam

DG I/4
D DE I/10 = 5/6 = 1/6
DA I/4
, columns/beams I/2 I/10

, of all members 3I/5

 5/7 15/31 15/31 3/5
6KN

2/7 G H I

2/5
16/31
4m
1/6

5/6
E F 12KN
1/6

4m

A B C
10m 6m

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 ∑  𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Girder factor at a joint : 𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Column factor at a joint :
  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Member I/L Factor
Joint Column Beam Column Beam

EH I/4
ED I/10 = 15/23 = 8/23
E
EF I/6

EB I/4
, columns/beams I/2 4I/15

, of all members 23I/30

 5/7 15/31 15/31 3/5
6KN

2/7 G H I

2/5
16/31
4m

8/23
1/6

5/6 15/23 15/23

F 12KN

D E
1/6

8/23
4m

A B C
10m 6m

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 ∑  𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Girder factor at a joint : 𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Column factor at a joint :
  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Member I/L Factor
Joint Column Beam Column Beam

FI I/4

F FE I/6 = 3/4 = 1/4

FC I/4

, columns/beams I/2 I/6

, of all members 2I/3

 5/7 15/31 15/31 3/5
6KN

2/7 G H I

2/5
16/31
4m

8/23

1/4
1/6

5/6 15/23 15/23 3/4

12KN

D E
1/6

1/4
8/23
4m

A B C
10m 6m

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
   ∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Girder factor at a joint : 𝑔=
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
 Column factor at a joint :
  ∑ 𝑘 ,𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐= =1− 𝑔
∑ 𝑘 , 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑡 𝑡h𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Member
Member I/L
I/L Factor
Factor
Joint Column Beam Column Beam
Joint Column Beam Column Beam

A AD I/4 0 I/4 0 1
A
B AD
BE II/4
/4 0
0 II/4
/4 0
0 1
1
B
C BE
CF II/4
/4 0
0 II/4
/4 0
0 1
1
C CF I/4 0 I/4 0 1
 5/7 15/31 15/31 3/5
6KN

2/7 G H I

2/5
16/31
4m

8/23

1/4
1/6

5/6 15/23 15/23 3/4

12KN

D E
1/6

1/4
8/23
4m

A B C
1

1
10m 6m

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
At each end of every member, there will be factors from step 1 or step 2. To these factors, half the values of those at the other end
of the same member are added.

=415/434 =365/434 =243/310 =261/310

15/62 5/14 3/10 15/62

5/7 15/31 15/31 3/5

6KN

G H I
2/7

2/5
16/31
4m =80/69 =189/184 =99/92
=295/276

8/23

1/4
15/46 5/12 3/8 15/46
1/6

5/6 15/23 15/23 3/4

12KN

D E
1/6

1/4
8/23
4m

A B C
1

1
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
At each end of every member, there will be factors from step 1 or step 2. To these factors, half the values of those at the other end
of the same member are added.

6KN
=31/84

=492/713
1/12

=21/40
G H
2/7

2/5
16/31
4/23

1/8
4m

=432/713
=13/42

=9/20
1/7

8/23
8/31
1/6

1/5

1/4
12KN

D E F
1/6
=2/3

=39/46

1/4
=3/4
8/23
1/2

1/2
1/2
4m

=27/23
=13/12

1/12

=9/8
4/23

1/8
A B C
1

1
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
3. The sum obtained as per step 2 is multiplied by the relative stiffness of the respective members. This product is termed as column
moment factor (C), for the columns and the girder moment factor (G), for girders.

 Moment factor for a member

  , for a column
  , for a beam
 

 𝑔𝑚=c+half of girder factor of far end

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
  𝑐 𝑚=c+half of column factor of far end
 𝑔𝑚=c+half of girder factor of far end

415/434 365/434 243/310 261/310

6KN
31/84
G H I

492/713

21/40
4m
13/42

432/713

9/20
80/69 295/276 189/184 99/92
12KN

D E
2/3

39/46

3/4
4m
13/12

27/23

9/8
A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 𝑘 𝐺𝐻 =𝑘 𝐻 𝐺 =
𝐼 𝐼 6KN
𝑘 𝐻𝐼 = 𝑘 𝐼𝐻 =
  10
  6

G H I

4
4
4

𝐼
𝐼
𝐼

𝑘 𝐹𝐼 = 𝑘 𝐼𝐹 =
𝑘 𝐸𝐻 = 𝑘 𝐻𝐸 =
𝑘 𝐷𝐺 =𝑘 𝐺𝐷 =

4m

 
 
 

𝐼 𝐼 12KN
𝑘 𝐷𝐸 = 𝑘 𝐸𝐷 = 𝑘 𝐸𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐸 =
  10   6

D E F

4
4

𝐼
𝐼

4
𝐼
𝑘 𝐵𝐸 = 𝑘 𝐸𝐵 =
4m
𝑘 𝐴𝐷 =𝑘 𝐷𝐴 =

𝑘 𝐶𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐶 =
 
 

 
A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 𝐼
  𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒   𝐺𝐻 =𝑘 𝐻 𝐺 =
𝑘
10
=1

𝑇h𝑢𝑠 , 𝐼 =10
 

𝑘 𝐺𝐻 =𝑘 𝐻 𝐺 =1 10 6KN
𝑘 𝐻𝐼 = 𝑘 𝐼𝐻 =
    6
=5 /3

=2.5
=2.5 G H I

10
4

10
𝑘 𝐸𝐻 = 𝑘 𝐻𝐸 =

4
10
4

𝑘 𝐹𝐼 = 𝑘 𝐼𝐹 =
𝑘 𝐷𝐺 =𝑘 𝐺𝐷 =

4m

 
 

12KN
𝑘 𝐷𝐸= 𝑘 𝐸𝐷=1 𝑘 𝐸𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐸 =
10
=5 / 3
    6

D E F

= 2.5
=2.5

10
4
4m

𝑘 𝐵𝐸 = 𝑘 𝐸𝐵 =
10

10
4

4
𝑘 𝐴𝐷 =𝑘 𝐷𝐴 =

𝑘 𝐶𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐶 =
 
A B C
 

 
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
3. The sum obtained as per step 2 is multiplied by the relative stiffness of   , for a column   , for a beam
the respective members. This product is termed as column moment factor
(C), for the columns and the girder moment factor (G), for girders.
243 5 𝟖𝟏 261 5 𝟖𝟕
𝐺 𝐻𝐼 =
  [ 310 ] [ ]
×
3
=
𝟔𝟐
𝐺 𝐺𝐻 =
  [ 310 ] [ ]
×
3
=
𝟔𝟐

365 365
𝐺 𝐺𝐻 =
  [ 415
434 ] × [ 1]=
415
434
𝐺 𝐻𝐺=
  [ 434 ] × [1 ]=
434

415/434 365/434 243/310 261/310

6KN
𝑘 𝐺𝐻 =𝑘 𝐻 𝐺 =1 𝑘 𝐻𝐼 =𝑘 𝐼𝐻 =5 / 3
G   H   I

189 5 𝟑𝟏𝟓 99 5 𝟏𝟔𝟓

4m 𝐺 𝐸𝐹 =
  [ 184] [ ]
×
3
=
𝟏𝟖𝟒
𝐺 𝐹𝐸 =
  [ 92 ] [ ]
×
3
=
𝟗𝟐

80 80 295 295
𝐺 𝐷𝐸 =
  [ 69 ] × [ 1 ]=
69
𝐺 𝐸𝐷 =
  [ 276 ] × [ 1 ]=
276

80/69 295/276 189/184 99/92

12KN

D 𝑘 𝐷𝐸= 𝑘 𝐸𝐷=1
  E 𝑘 𝐸𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐸 =5/ 3
  F
4m

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 13 𝟔𝟓
𝐶 𝐷𝐺 = × [ 2.5 ] =
  [ 42 ] 𝟖𝟒
31 𝟏𝟓𝟓
𝐶 𝐺𝐷 = × [ 2.5 ]=
[ 84 ] 𝟏𝟔𝟖

4m
 

4m
13/12 2/3 13/42 31/84

𝑘 𝐷𝐺 =𝑘 𝐺𝐷 =2.5

D
G
𝑘 𝐴𝐷 =𝑘 𝐷𝐴 =2.5

A
   
2 𝟓
𝐶 𝐷𝐴 = × [ 2.5 ] =
  3
[ ] 𝟑

13 𝟔𝟓
𝐶 𝐴𝐷 = × [ 2.5 ] =
[ 12 ] 𝟐𝟒
 

10m
432 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎
𝐶 𝐸𝐻 = × [ 2.5 ] =
[ 713 ] 𝟕𝟏𝟑
 
492 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟎
𝐶 𝐻𝐸 = × [ 2.5 ] =
[ 713 ] 𝟕𝟏𝟑
 
27/23 39/46 432/713 492/713
E

𝑘 𝐸𝐻 = 𝑘 𝐻𝐸=2 .5
H

𝑘 𝐵𝐸= 𝑘 𝐸𝐵=2 .5
B

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|

   
39 𝟏𝟗𝟓
𝐶 𝐸𝐵 = × [ 2.5 ] =
  [ 46 ] 𝟗𝟐
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

27 𝟏𝟑𝟓
𝐶 𝐵𝐸 = × [ 2.5 ] =
  [ 23 ] 𝟒𝟔
6m

9 𝟗
𝐶 𝐹𝐼 = × [ 2.5 ] =
[ 20 ] 𝟖
 
21 𝟐𝟏
𝐶 𝐼𝐹 = × [ 2.5 ] =
  [ 40 ] 𝟏𝟔

9/8 3/4 9/20 21/40

I

𝑘 𝐶𝐹 =𝑘 𝐹𝐶 =2.5 𝑘 𝐹𝐼 = 𝑘 𝐼𝐹 =2.5
C
F

   
6KN

3 𝟏𝟓
12KN

𝐶 𝐹𝐶 = × [ 2.5 ] =
  4
[ ] 𝟖

9 𝟒𝟓
𝐶 𝐶𝐹 = × [ 2.5 ] =
  8
[ ] 𝟏𝟔
   olumn Moment Factor 𝐺=𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
  𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

415 365 𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟕
𝐺 𝐺𝐻 = 𝐺 𝐻𝐺= 𝐺 𝐻𝐼 = 𝐺 𝐺𝐻 =
  434   434   𝟔𝟐   𝟔𝟐
6KN
𝟏𝟓𝟓
𝟏𝟔𝟖

𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟎
𝟕𝟏𝟑

𝟐𝟏
𝟏𝟔
G H I
𝐶 𝐺𝐷 =

𝐶 𝐼𝐹 =
𝐶 𝐻𝐸 =
 

 
 
4m
𝟔𝟓
𝟖𝟒

𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟎
𝟕𝟏𝟑
𝐶 𝐷𝐺 =

𝟗
𝟖
𝐶 𝐹𝐼 =
𝐶 𝐸𝐻 =
80 295 𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔𝟓
 

𝐺 𝐷𝐸= 𝐺 𝐸𝐷= 𝐺 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐺 𝐹𝐸=

        𝟗𝟐
12KN

 
69 276 𝟏𝟖𝟒

𝟏𝟓
D

𝟖
𝟓
𝟑

𝟏𝟗𝟓
𝟗𝟐
𝐶 𝐷𝐴 =

𝐶 𝐹𝐶 =
𝐶 𝐸𝐵 =
 

 
4m

𝟒𝟓
𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟑𝟓
𝟔𝟓
𝟐𝟒

𝟒𝟔

𝐶 𝐶𝐹 =
𝐶 𝐴𝐷 =

𝐶 𝐵𝐸 =
A B C
 

 
 
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The application of the factor method involves the
following steps:
4. Calculation of column end moments for a typical member ij - The column moment
factors [C values] give approximate relative values of column end moments. The sum of
column end moments is equal to horizontal shear of the storey multiplied by storey height.
Column end moments are evaluated by using the following equation

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider the Top Storey Column Moments

Storey Shear
6KN
6x4
= 3.254784415
7.373760268
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Member Column Moment factor A Moment =C x A
GD 155/168 3.002926097
DG 65/84 2.5185883178
HE 1230/713 5.614845484
3.254784415
EH 1080/713 4.93010823
IF 21/16 4.271904544
FI 9/8 3.661632467
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN
3.002926097

4.271904544
5.614845484
G H I

4m
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
12KN

D E F

4m

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider the Bottom Storey Column Moments

Storey Shear
6KN
6 +12 =18 KN
Storey Shear
[(18)(4)]
= 5.100288738
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
14.11684783
Consider the Bottom Storey Column Moments

Member Column Moment factor A Moment =C x A

DA 5/3 8.50048123
AD 65/24 13.813282
EB 195/92 10.81039461
5.100288738
BE 135/46 14.96823869
FC 15/8 9.563041383
CF 45/16 14.34456207
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 4m

4m
13.813282 8.50048123 2.5185883178 3.002926097

D
G

A
10m
14.96823869 10.81039461 4.93010823 5.614845484
E

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|

H

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

6m
COLUMN BENDING MOMENTS

14.34456207 9.563041383 3.661632467 4.271904544

I

C
F
6KN

12KN
The application of the factor method involves the
following steps:
5. Calculation of beam end moments - The girder moment factors [G values] give the
approximate relative beam end moments. The sum of beam end moments at a joint is equal to
the sum of column end moments at that joint. Beam end moments can be worked out by
using following equation,

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 COLUMN BENDING MOMENTS 𝟖𝟕
415 365 𝟖𝟏 𝐺 𝐼𝐻 =
𝐺 𝐻𝐺=
𝐺 𝐺𝐻 =
  434   434 𝐺 𝐻𝐼 =
  𝟔𝟐   𝟔𝟐
6KN
3.002926097

4.271904544
5.614845484
G H I

4m
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
80 295 𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔𝟓
𝐺 𝐷𝐸=
  69 𝐺 𝐸𝐷=
  276
𝐺 𝐸𝐹 =
  𝟏𝟖𝟒 𝐺 𝐹𝐸 =
  𝟗𝟐 12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
F

4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider Joint I

Sum of the
Column Girder Sum of the Girder Girder Bending
Joint Beam Moments at a Moment End Moment Factors B Moment
Joint factor , G at a joint,

I IH 4.271904544 87/62 87/62 3.044345767 4.271904544

𝐺
 
𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = [ ∑ 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ]
[ ∑𝐺 ]
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 GIRDER BENDING MOMENTS
4.271904544
6KN
3.002926097

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
4m
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
Checking
12KN

+∑ 𝑀 𝐼 =0
 
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
F

4m 4.271904544 = 4.271904544 (ok)

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider Joint H
𝐺
 
𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = [ ∑ 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ]
[ ∑𝐺 ]

Sum of the Column Girder Moment Sum of the Girder End

Joint Beam Moments at a Joint factor , G Moment Factors at a Girder Bending Moment
joint,

HG 365/434 2.198946997
H 5.614845484 466/217
HI 81/62 3.415898487

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 GIRDER BENDING MOMENTS
2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544
6KN
3.002926097

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
4m
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
Checking F

+∑ 𝑀 𝐻 =0
 
4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

3.415898487 +2.198946997= 5.614845484 (ok)

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider Joint G
𝐺
 
𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = [ ∑ 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ]
[ ∑𝐺 ]

Sum of the Column Girder Moment Sum of the Girder End

Joint Beam Moments at a Joint factor , G Moment Factors at a Girder Bending Moment
joint

G GH 3.002926097 415/434 3.002926097

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 GIRDER BENDING MOMENTS
3.002926097 2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544
6KN
3.002926097

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
4m
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
Checking F

+∑ 𝑀 𝐺 =0
 
4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

3.002926097= 3.002926097(ok)
A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider Joint F

𝐺
 
𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = [ ∑ 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ]
[ ∑𝐺 ]

Sum of the Column Girder Moment Sum of the Girder End

Joint Beam Moments at a Joint factor , G Moment Factors at a Girder Bending Moment
joint,

F FE 13.22467385 165/92 165/92 13.22467385

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 GIRDER BENDING MOMENTS
Checking
3.002926097 2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544
6KN
3.002926097

+∑ 𝑀 𝐹 =0
 

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
9.563041383 +3.661632467= 13.22467385 (ok)
4m
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
13.22467385
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
F

4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider Joint E

𝐺
 
𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = [ ∑ 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ]
[ ∑𝐺 ]

Sum of the Column Girder Moment Sum of the Girder End

Joint Beam Moments at a Joint factor , G Moment Factors at a Girder Bending Moment
joint,

ED 295/276 6.050095554
E 15.74050284 1535/552
EF 315/184 9.690407286

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 Checking GIRDER BENDING MOMENTS
3.002926097 2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544

+ ∑ 𝑀 𝐸=0
  6KN
3.002926097

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
9.690407286 +6.050095554= 10.81039461 +4.93010823
4m
15.74050284=15.74050284 (ok)
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
6.050095554 9.690407286 13.22467385
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
F

4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
Consider Joint D

𝐺
 
𝐺𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = [ ∑ 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 ]
[ ∑𝐺 ]

Sum of the Column Girder Moment Sum of the Girder End

Joint Beam Moments at a Joint factor , G Moment Factors at a Girder Bending Moment
joint,

D DE 11.01906955 80/69 80/69 11.01906955

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 GIRDER BENDING MOMENTS
Checking
3.002926097 2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544
6KN

+ ∑ 𝑀 𝐷=0
3.002926097
 

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
2.5185883178+8.50048123= 11.01906955
4m 11.01906955=11.01906955 (ok)
2.5185883178

3.661632467
4.93010823
11.01906955 6.050095554 9.690407286 13.22467385
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
F

4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 FRAME BENDING MOMENTS
3.002926097 2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544
6KN
3.002926097

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
4m

3.661632467
2.5185883178

4.93010823
11.01906955 6.050095554 9.690407286 13.22467385
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
F

4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The factor method is based on assumptions regarding the elastic
action of the structure.
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The factor method is based on assumptions regarding the elastic
action of the structure.
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The factor method is based on assumptions regarding the elastic
action of the structure.
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
The factor method is based on assumptions regarding the elastic
action of the structure.
6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 Factor Method (Excel Computations) ∑▒k_g

Member Sum of
Factor Moment Factor
H L K= I/H K=I/L If I= 10 the
c/2 from g/2 from Column ீ Girder
Joint ෍ ‫ܭ‬ ෍ ‫ܩ‬ Column σீ
Column Beam ෍ ݇௚ far end far end ܿ௠ ൌ
ܿ൅ ܿȀʹ ݃௠ ൌ
݃൅ ݃Ȁʹ
‫ܥ‬ൌ
ܿ௠ ݇ ‫ ܩ‬ൌ
݃௠ ݇ Moment Moment
෍ ݇௖ Moments
Column Beam Column Beam σ௞ σ ௞೎ K= I/H K=I/L
ܿൌ ೒ ݃ൌσ௞ at a Joint
σ௞
A AD 4 0.25 0.25 0 0.25 1 0 0.083333 1.083333 2.5 0 2.708333 0 13.81328
B BE 4 0.25 0.25 0 0.25 1 0 0.173913 1.173913 2.5 0 2.934783 0 14.96824
C CF 4 0.25 0.25 0 0.25 1 0 0.125 1.125 2.5 0 2.8125 0 14.34456
DA 4 0.25 0.5 0.666667 2.5 0 1.666667 0 8.500481
D DE 10 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.166667 0.833333 0.326087 1.15942 0 1 0 1.15942 1.15942 11.01906 1 11.01906
DG 4 0.25 0.142857 0.309524 2.5 0 0.77381 0 2.518583
EB 4 0.25 0.5 0.847826 2.5 0 2.119565 0 10.81039
ED 10 0.1 0.416667 1.068841 0 1 0 1.068841 0.384365 6.050096
E 0.5 0.266667 0.766667 0.347826 0.652174 2.780797 15.7405
EF 6 0.166667 0.375 1.027174 0 1.666667 0 1.711957 0.615635 9.690407
EH 4 0.25 0.258065 0.605891 2.5 0 1.514727 0 4.930108
FC 4 0.25 0.5 0.75 2.5 0 1.875 0 9.563041
F FE 6 0.166667 0.5 0.166667 0.666667 0.25 0.75 0.326087 1.076087 0 1.666667 0 1.793478 1.793478 13.22467 1 13.22467
FI 4 0.25 0.2 0.45 2.5 0 1.125 0 3.661632
GD 4 0.25 0.083333 0.369048 2.5 0 0.922619 0 3.002926
G 0.25 0.1 0.35 0.285714 0.714286 0.956221 3.002926
GH 10 0.1 0.241935 0.956221 0 1 0 0.956221 1 3.002926
HE 4 0.25 0.173913 0.690042 2.5 0 1.725105 0 5.614845
H HG 10 0.1 0.25 0.266667 0.516667 0.516129 0.483871 0.357143 0.841014 0 1 0 0.841014 2.147465 5.614845 0.391631 2.198947
HI 6 0.166667 0.3 0.783871 0 1.666667 0 1.306452 0.608369 3.415898
IF 4 0.25 0.125 0.525 2.5 0 1.3125 0 4.271905
I 0.25 0.166667 0.416667 0.4 0.6 1.403226 4.271905
IH 6 0.166667 0.241935 0.841935 0 1.666667 0 1.403226 1 4.271905

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 Factor Method (Excel Computations)
6
0.922619 G 1.725105 H 1.3125 I 24
Col Moment 3.002926 5.614845 4.271905 7.37376 3.254784
4

Col Moment 2.518583 4.930108 3.661632

0.77381 D 1.514727 E 1.125 F 12
1.666667 2.119565 1.875 72
Col Moment 8.500481 10.81039 9.563041 14.11685 5.100289

Col Moment 13.81328 14.96824 14.34456

2.708333 A 2.934783 B 2.8125 C

10 6

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 FRAME INTERNAL FORCES
3.002926097 2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544
6KN
3.002926097

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
4m

3.661632467
2.5185883178

4.93010823
11.01906955 6.050095554 9.690407286 13.22467385
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
F

4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN

w 10-w y 6-y
3.002926097  2.198946997  3.415898487  4.271904544 
  𝑤
=
10 − 𝑤   𝑦
=
6− 𝑦
w= 5.772778464 y= 2.665962023
10-w =4.227221536 6-y =3.334037977

12KN

x 10-x z 6-z
11.01906955  6.050095554  9.690407286  13.22467385 
  𝑥
=
10 − 𝑥   𝑧
=
6− 𝑧

x= 6.45554102 z= 2.537300364
10-x =3.54445898 6-z =3.462699636
Thus, the inflection point is not located at the midpoint of each
member
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN

w=5.772778464 10-w=4.227221536 y=2.665962023 6-y=3.334037977

(w) (10-w)
   
== ==

= 0.5201873094 = 0.5201873094

CHECKING
  ==
== 0.5201873094
12KN

x=6.45554102 10-x=3.54445898 z=2.537300364 6-z= 3.462699636

GIRDER SHEAR FORCES

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN

w=5.772778464 10-w=4.227221536 y=2.665962023 6-y=3.334037977

==0.5201873094
   
==

12KN

==1.70691651 ==3.819180189
   
x=6.45554102 10-x=3.54445898 z=2.537300364 6-z= 3.462699636

GIRDER SHEAR FORCES

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 FRAME INTERNAL FORCES
3.002926097 2.198946997 3.415898487 4.271904544
6KN
3.002926097

5.614845484
G H I

4.271904544
=0.5201873094 =
   

4m

3.661632467
2.5185883178

4.93010823
11.01906955 6.050095554 9.690407286 13.22467385
12KN
8.50048123

10.81039461
D E

9.563041383
==1.70691651 =3.819180189 F
   
4m

14.34456207
14.96823869
13.813282

A B C
10m 6m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6KN

12KN

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
EXAMPLE 2

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6 6 6 6 6
275
s t u v w x

525
m n o p q r

650
g h i j k l

a b c d e f

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 Member H L K= I/H K=I/L Sum of
Factor Moment Factor
෍ ‫ܭ‬ the
c/2 from g/2 from Column ீ Girder
Joint ෍ ݇௖ ෍ ݇௚ If I= 6 ෍ ‫ܩ‬ Column σீ
Column Beam far end far end ܿ௠ ൌ
ܿ൅ ܿȀʹ ݃௠ ൌ
݃൅ ݃Ȁʹ
‫ܥ‬ൌ
ܿ௠ ݇ ‫ ܩ‬ൌ
݃௠ ݇ Moment Moment
Moments
Column Beam Column Beam σ௞ σ ௞೎
ܿൌ ೒ ݃ൌσ௞ at a Joint
σ௞
A AG 3 0.333333 0.333333 0 0.333333 1 0 0.1 1.1 2 0 2.2 0 0 412.5 412.5
B BH 3 0.333333 0.333333 0 0.333333 1 0 0.166667 1.166667 2 0 2.333333 0 0 437.5 437.5
C CI 3 0.333333 0.333333 0 0.333333 1 0 0.166667 1.166667 2 0 2.333333 0 0 437.5 437.5
D DJ 3 0.333333 0.333333 0 0.333333 1 0 0.166667 1.166667 2 0 2.333333 0 0 437.5 437.5
E EK 3 0.333333 0.333333 0 0.333333 1 0 0.166667 1.166667 2 0 2.333333 0 0 437.5 437.5
F FL 3 0.333333 0.333333 0 0.333333 1 0 0.1 1.1 2 0 2.2 0 0 412.5 412.5
GA 3 0.333333 0.5 0.7 2 0 1.4 0 262.5
G GH 6 0.166667 0.666667 0.166667 0.833333 0.2 0.8 0.333333 1.133333 0 1 0 1.133333 1.133333 400.9615 1 400.9615
GM 3 0.333333 0.1 0.3 2 0 0.6 0 138.4615
HB 3 0.333333 0.5 0.833333 2 0 1.666667 0 312.5
HI 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.483871 262.8722
H 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2.066667 543.2692
HG 6 0.166667 0.4 1.066667 0 1 0 1.066667 0.516129 280.397
HN 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
IC 3 0.333333 0.5 0.833333 2 0 1.666667 0 312.5
IJ 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 271.6346
I 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2 543.2692
IH 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 271.6346
IO 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
JD 3 0.333333 0.5 0.833333 2 0 1.666667 0 312.5
JK 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 271.6346
J 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2 543.2692
JI 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 271.6346
JP 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
KE 3 0.333333 0.5 0.833333 2 0 1.666667 0 312.5
KL 6 0.166667 0.4 1.066667 0 1 0 1.066667 0.516129 280.397
K 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2.066667 543.2692
KJ 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.483871 262.8722
KQ 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
LF 3 0.333333 0.5 0.7 2 0 1.4 0 262.5
L LK 6 0.166667 0.666667 0.166667 0.833333 0.2 0.8 0.333333 1.133333 0 1 0 1.133333 1.133333 400.9615 1 400.9615
LR 3 0.333333 0.1 0.3 2 0 0.6 0 138.4615
MG 3 0.333333 0.1 0.3 2 0 0.6 0 138.4615
M MN 6 0.166667 0.666667 0.166667 0.833333 0.2 0.8 0.333333 1.133333 0 1 0 1.133333 1.133333 184.2949 1 184.2949
MS 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.366667 2 0 0.733333 0 45.83333
NH 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
NO 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.483871 146.9448
N 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2.066667 303.6859
NM 6 0.166667 0.4 1.066667 0 1 0 1.066667 0.516129 156.7411
NT 3 0.333333 0.25 0.583333 2 0 1.166667 0 72.91667

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 ∑▒ k _ g

M ember H L K= I /H K =I/L Su m of
F act or Mo ment Fact o r
෍ ‫ܭ‬ th e
c/2 f ro m g/2 f ro m Co lu mn ீ Gir der
Join t ෍ ݇௖ ෍ ݇௚
If I= 6 ෍ ‫ܩ‬ C o lu m n σ ீ
Co lumn Beam far end far end ܿ௠ ൌ
ܿ൅ ܿȀʹ ݃௠ ൌ݃ ൅ ݃Ȁʹ
‫ܥ‬ ൌ
ܿ ݇ ‫ܩ‬ ൌ
݃ ݇ Mo ment M om ent
௠ ௠ M o me n ts
C olu mn Beam Col umn Beam σ ௞ σ ௞೎
ܿൌ ೒ ݃ ൌσ ௞ a t a Jo in t
σ ௞
A AG 3 0.333333 0. 333333 0 0. 333333 1 0 0.1 1. 1 2 0 2. 2 0 0 412. 5 412.5
B B H 3 0.333333 0. 333333 0 0. 333333 1 0 0. 166667 1. 166667 2 0 2. 333333 0 0 437. 5 437.5
C CI 3 0.333333 0. 333333 0 0. 333333 1 0 0. 166667 1. 166667 2 0 2. 333333 0 0 437. 5 437.5
D DJ 3 0.333333 0. 333333 0 0. 333333 1 0 0. 166667 1. 166667 2 0 2. 333333 0 0 437. 5 437.5
E EK 3 0.333333 0. 333333 0 0. 333333 1 0 0. 166667 1. 166667 2 0 2. 333333 0 0 437. 5 437.5
F FL 3 0.333333 0. 333333 0 0. 333333 1 0 0.1 1. 1 2 0 2. 2 0 0 412. 5 412.5
GA 3 0.333333 0.5 0. 7 2 0 1. 4 0 262. 5
G GH 6 0. 166667 0. 666667 0. 166667 0. 833333 0. 2 0. 8 0.333333 1. 133333 0 1 0 1. 133333 1. 133333 400. 9615 1 400. 9615
GM 3 0.333333 0.1 0. 3 2 0 0. 6 0 138.4615
H B 3 0.333333 0.5 0. 833333 2 0 1. 666667 0 312. 5
HI 6 0. 166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0. 483871 262. 8722
H 0. 666667 0. 333333 1 0.333333 0. 666667 2. 066667 543. 2692
HG 6 0. 166667 0. 4 1. 066667 0 1 0 1. 066667 0. 516129 280. 397
HN 3 0.333333 0. 166667 0. 5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
IC 3 0.333333 0.5 0. 833333 2 0 1. 666667 0 312. 5
IJ 6 0. 166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0. 5 271. 6346
I 0. 666667 0. 333333 1 0.333333 0. 666667 2 543. 2692
I H 6 0. 166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0. 5 271. 6346
I O 3 0.333333 0. 166667 0. 5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
JD 3 0.333333 0.5 0. 833333 2 0 1. 666667 0 312. 5
JK 6 0. 166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0. 5 271. 6346
J 0. 666667 0. 333333 1 0.333333 0. 666667 2 543. 2692
JI 6 0. 166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0. 5 271. 6346
JP 3 0.333333 0. 166667 0. 5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
KE 3 0.333333 0.5 0. 833333 2 0 1. 666667 0 312. 5
KL 6 0. 166667 0. 4 1. 066667 0 1 0 1. 066667 0. 516129 280. 397
K 0. 666667 0. 333333 1 0.333333 0. 666667 2. 066667 543. 2692
KJ 6 0. 166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0. 483871 262. 8722
KQ 3 0.333333 0. 166667 0. 5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
LF 3 0.333333 0.5 0. 7 2 0 1. 4 0 262. 5
L LK 6 0. 166667 0. 666667 0. 166667 0. 833333 0. 2 0. 8 0.333333 1. 133333 0 1 0 1. 133333 1. 133333 400. 9615 1 400. 9615
LR 3 0.333333 0.1 0. 3 2 0 0. 6 0 138.4615
MG 3 0.333333 0.1 0. 3 2 0 0. 6 0 138.4615
M MN 6 0. 166667 0. 666667 0. 166667 0. 833333 0. 2 0. 8 0.333333 1. 133333 0 1 0 1. 133333 1. 133333 184. 2949 1 184. 2949
MS 3 0.333333 0. 166667 0. 366667 2 0 0. 733333 0 45.83333
NH 3 0.333333 0. 166667 0. 5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
N O 6 0. 166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0. 483871 146. 9448
N 0. 666667 0. 333333 1 0.333333 0. 666667 2. 066667 303. 6859
NM 6 0. 166667 0. 4 1. 066667 0 1 0 1. 066667 0. 516129 156. 7411
N T 3 0.333333 0. 25 0. 583333 2 0 1. 166667 0 72.91667

NH 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692

NO 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.483871 146.9448
N 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2.066667 303.6859
NM 6 0.166667 0.4 1.066667 0 1 0 1.066667 0.516129 156.7411
NT 3 0.333333 0.25 0.583333 2 0 1.166667 0 72.91667
OI 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
OP 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 151.8429
O 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2 303.6859
ON 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 151.8429
OU 3 0.333333 0.25 0.583333 2 0 1.166667 0 72.91667
PJ 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
PQ 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 151.8429
P 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2 303.6859
PO 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.5 151.8429
PV 3 0.333333 0.25 0.583333 2 0 1.166667 0 72.91667
QK 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 2 0 1 0 230.7692
QR 6 0.166667 0.4 1.066667 0 1 0 1.066667 0.516129 156.7411
Q 0.666667 0.333333 1 0.333333 0.666667 2.066667 303.6859
QP 6 0.166667 0.333333 1 0 1 0 1 0.483871 146.9448
QW 3 0.333333 0.25 0.583333 2 0 1.166667 0 72.91667
RL 3 0.333333 0.1 0.3 2 0 0.6 0 138.4615
R RQ 6 0.166667 0.666667 0.166667 0.833333 0.2 0.8 0.333333 1.133333 0 1 0 1.133333 1.133333 184.2949 1 184.2949
RX 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.366667 2 0 0.733333 0 45.83333
SM 3 0.333333 0.1 0.433333 2 0 0.866667 0 54.16667
S 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 0.333333 0.666667 0.916667 54.16667
ST 6 0.166667 0.25 0.916667 0 1 0 0.916667 1 54.16667
TN 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.666667 2 0 1.333333 0 83.33333
T TU 6 0.166667 0.333333 0.333333 0.666667 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.75 0 1 0 0.75 1.583333 83.33333 0.473684 39.47368
TS 6 0.166667 0.333333 0.833333 0 1 0 0.833333 0.526316 43.85965
UO 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.666667 2 0 1.333333 0 83.33333
U UV 6 0.166667 0.333333 0.333333 0.666667 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.75 0 1 0 0.75 1.5 83.33333 0.5 41.66667
UT 6 0.166667 0.25 0.75 0 1 0 0.75 0.5 41.66667
VP 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.666667 2 0 1.333333 0 83.33333
V VW 6 0.166667 0.333333 0.333333 0.666667 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.75 0 1 0 0.75 1.5 83.33333 0.5 41.66667
VU 6 0.166667 0.25 0.75 0 1 0 0.75 0.5 41.66667
WQ 3 0.333333 0.166667 0.666667 2 0 1.333333 0 83.33333
W WX 6 0.166667 0.333333 0.333333 0.666667 0.5 0.5 0.333333 0.833333 0 1 0 0.833333 1.583333 83.33333 0.526316 43.85965
WV 6 0.166667 0.25 0.75 0 1 0 0.75 0.473684 39.47368
XR 3 0.333333 0.1 0.433333 2 0 0.866667 0 54.16667
X 0.333333 0.166667 0.5 0.333333 0.666667 0.916667 54.16667
XW 6 0.166667 0.25 0.916667 0 1 0 0.916667 1 54.16667

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 6 6 6 6 6
275
0.866667 S 1.333333 T 1.333333 U 1.333333 V W 1.333333 X 0.866667 825
Column Moment 54.16667 83.33333 83.33333 83.33333 83.33333 54.16667 13.2 62.5
3

Column Moment 45.83333 72.91667 72.91667 72.91667 72.91667 45.83333

525 0.733333 M 1.166667 N 1.166667 O 1.166667 P Q 1.166667 R 0.733333
0.6 1 1 1 1 0.6 2400
Column Moment 138.4615 230.7692 230.7692 230.7692 230.7692 138.4615 10.4 230.7692
3

Column Moment 138.4615 230.7692 230.7692 230.7692 230.7692 138.4615

650 0.6 G 1H 1I 1 J K1 L 0.6
1.4 1.666667 1.666667 1.666667 1.666667 1.4 4350
Column Moment 262.5 312.5 312.5 312.5 312.5 262.5 23.2 187.5
3

Column Moment 412.5 437.5 437.5 437.5 437.5 412.5

2.2 A 2.333333 B 2.333333 C 2.333333 D E 2.333333 F 2.2

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 Analyse the Building Frame shown using the three methods i.e. Portal,
Cantilever and Factor Method

20KN
I H G
Column Area ()
ADI A
4m BEH A
CFG 2A
60KN Relative Stiffness (k)
D E F Column 2k
Girder k

6m

A B C
4m 5m
|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 Shear Forces Bending Moment Axial Forces
Member Portal Cantilever Factor Portal Cantilever Factor Portal Cantilever Factor
Method Method Method Method Method Method Method Method Method
Girder

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|
 Shear Forces Bending Moment Axial Forces
Member Portal Cantilever Factor Portal Cantilever Factor Portal Cantilever Factor
Method Method Method Method Method Method Method Method Method
Column

|Charizza D. Montarin, RCE, MSCE||EARTHQUAKE

ENGINEERING|| Factor Method|