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Theories: N The Origin of The

This document discusses theories on the origin of the solar system. It provides details on: 1) The composition of the solar system including stars, planets, natural satellites, comets, asteroids, and interplanetary matter. 2) The currently accepted protoplanet hypothesis which proposes that about 4.6 billion years ago, a slowly rotating gas and dust cloud in the Orion arm of the Milky Way started contracting due to gravity, forming a proto-Sun at the center and a disc of material that would become the planets. 3) In this hypothesis, collisions between planetesimals led to the formation of protoplanets through accretion, with impacts eventually creating the terrestrial planets close to the Sun and

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Kyan Panganiban
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92 views

Theories: N The Origin of The

This document discusses theories on the origin of the solar system. It provides details on: 1) The composition of the solar system including stars, planets, natural satellites, comets, asteroids, and interplanetary matter. 2) The currently accepted protoplanet hypothesis which proposes that about 4.6 billion years ago, a slowly rotating gas and dust cloud in the Orion arm of the Milky Way started contracting due to gravity, forming a proto-Sun at the center and a disc of material that would become the planets. 3) In this hypothesis, collisions between planetesimals led to the formation of protoplanets through accretion, with impacts eventually creating the terrestrial planets close to the Sun and

Uploaded by

Kyan Panganiban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theories on the Origin of

the

Solar System
What is the
composition of
our solar system?
Composition Of The Solar
System
• Star Planets
• Natural
satellites Comets
• Asteroids Interpl
anetar
• y
Planet
s •Mercur Neptun
y e Earth
•Venus Jupiter
•Mars Uranus
•Saturn
Theories about the Origin

Solar
of the

System
A Star System, also
called “stellar system” is
a small number of stars
that orbit each other.
It should be noted that
Earth belongs to the solar
system, which is a type of
star system because the sun
is a star.
Nebular
Hypothesi
s
Immanuel Kant 1724-
1804 and Pierre-Simon
Laplace 1749-1827
In the 1700s Emanuel
Swedenborg, Immanuel
Kant, and Pierre-
Simon Laplace
independently thought
of a rotating gaseous
cloud that cools and
contracts in the
middle to form the
sun and the rest into a
disc that become the
planets.
He assumed that the mutual gravitational
attractions of the particles caused them
to start moving and colliding at which
point chemical forces kept them bonded
together. As some of these aggregates
became larger, they grow more rapidly,
ultimately forming the planets.
This nebular
theory failed to
account for the
distribution of
angular
momentum in
the solar
system.
OBSERV
E THIS
PHOTO
Encounter
Hypotheses(1749) Sun-comet
•Buffon’s
encounter that sent matter to form
planet;
•James Jeans’ (1917) Sun-star
encounter that would have drawn
from the sun matter that would
condense to planets,
T.C. Chamberlain and F. R. Moulton’s
(1904) planetesimal hypothesis involving
a star much bigger than the Sun passing
by the Sun and draws gaseous filaments
from both out which planetisimals were
formed;
Accretion is the process of growth or
increase, typically by the gradual
accumulation of additional layers or
matter.

A planetesimal is an object formed


from dust, rock, and other materials.

A protoplanet is a large planetary embryo


that originated within a protoplanetary
disc. (planet in the making)
Ray Lyttleton’s
(1940) sun’s
companion star
colliding with another
to form a proto-planet
that breaks up to
form Jupiter and
Saturn.
Otto Schmidt’s accretion theory proposed
that the Sun passed through a dense
interstellar cloud and emerged with a dusty,
gaseous envelope that eventually became the
planets.

However, it cannot explain how the planets


and satellites were formed. The time required
to form the planets exceeds the age of the
solar system.
M.M. Woolfson’s capture theory (Figure 4) is
a variation of James Jeans’ near-collision
hypothesis.

In this scenario, the Sun drags from a near proto-


star a filament of material which
becomes the planets.

Collisions between proto-planets close to the Sun


produced the terrestrial planets; condensations
in the filament produced the giant planets and
their satellites.
*Different ages for the Sun and planets is predicted by this theory.
Nobel Prize winner Harold Urey’s
compositional studies on meteorites in the
1950s and other scientists’ work on these
objects led to the conclusion that meteorite
constituents have changed very little since the
solar system’s early history and can give clues
about their formation.

The currently accepted theory on the origin of


the solar system relies much on information
from meteorites.
Protoplanet
Hypothesis
• About 4.6 billion years ago,
in the Orion arm of the
Milky Way galaxy, a slowly-
rotating gas
• and dust cloud dominated
by hydrogen and helium
starts to contract due to
gravity
Take note that protoplanet
theory incorporates many
of the components of the
nebular hypothesis but
adds some new aspects
from modern knowledge
of fluids and states of
As most of the mass move to the center to eventually
become a proto-Sun, the remaining materials form a disc
that will eventually become the planets and momentum
is transferred outwards.
Due to collisions, fragments of dust and solid
matter begin sticking to each other to form larger
and larger bodies from meter to kilometer in
size. These proto-planets are accretions of
frozen water, ammonia, methane, silicon,
aluminum, iron, and other metals in rock and
mineral grains enveloped in hydrogen and helium.
High-speed collisions with large objects destroys
much of the mantle of Mercury, puts Venus in
retrograde rotation.
Collision of the Earth with large object
produces the moon. This is supported by the
composition of the moon very similar to the
Earth's Mantle
When the proto-Sun is established as a star, its
solar wind blasts hydrogen, helium, and volatiles
from the inner planets to beyond Mars to form
the gas giants leaving behind a system we know
today.
Activity/P
:T1
whole
Cosmic Write a story of
a fictional
journey around

Journe the outerspace


(science fiction)
based on the

y
terms and based
on how you see
the solar
system.
Example:
Alienatio
n
“Lets get out of here!” my
neighbors yelled. What’s
happening? Is China
invading us?. . . . . . . . .

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