Scribd
Upload
118 views

Differential Pulse Code Modulation

DPCM is a method of encoding analog signals into digital signals by quantizing the difference between successive sample values rather than quantizing the samples directly. This takes advantage of the fact that sample differences are typically smaller than the sample values themselves, allowing for more efficient encoding using fewer bits while also reducing quantization noise compared to standard PCM. In DPCM, the difference between the current sample and the predicted value is quantized and transmitted rather than the original sample value. At the receiver, the signal is reconstructed by applying the quantized differences to past predicted values with a prediction filter.

Uploaded by

Kiran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
118 views

Differential Pulse Code Modulation

DPCM is a method of encoding analog signals into digital signals by quantizing the difference between successive sample values rather than quantizing the samples directly. This takes advantage of the fact that sample differences are typically smaller than the sample values themselves, allowing for more efficient encoding using fewer bits while also reducing quantization noise compared to standard PCM. In DPCM, the difference between the current sample and the predicted value is quantized and transmitted rather than the original sample value. At the receiver, the signal is reconstructed by applying the quantized differences to past predicted values with a prediction filter.

Uploaded by

Kiran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Differential Pulse Code

Modulation
DPCM
Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is a procedure of
converting an analog into a digital signal.

DPCM is derivative of standard pulse code modulation.


WHY WE NEED DPCM?
It uses the fact that range of differences in amplitudes between
successive samples of the audio waveform is less than the
range of actual sample amplitudes.

There is a lot of redundancy in the signal samples, the


bandwidth and the dynamic range of a PCM system are wasted.
Continued..
A simple scheme where instead of transmitting the sample
values, we transmit the difference between the successive
sample values.

Difference between the successive samples is generally


much smaller than the sample values.
:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
AT TRANSMITTER END

• If x(t) is the original signal sampled at Nyquist rate,the


difference between current and previous sample is,
d[k]=x[k]-x[k-1]
• difference is then quantized and encoded
AT RECEIVER END:
The present sample value is regenerated by using past
value plus the differential value that is received over
the differential system.

The present value can be estimated from past values


by using a prediction filter.
Continued…

At receiver end, reverse of the transmitter process will


occur after decoding.
X^[k]=dq [k]+x^[k-1]
DPCM SYSTEM:
ADVANTAGES:
Instead of quantizing the original signal, we are
quantizing the differences, this will result in reducing
quantization interval thus reduces quantization noise.

With decrease in noise we can increase the SNR


DISADVANTAGES:
ERROR PROPAGATION:
If an error is detected this error is added
into all future samples as current detected sample
depends on previous ones.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PCM AND DPCM:
PCM:
original samples are quantized and encoded.
DPCM:
difference between present and previous samples
is quantized and encoded.
CONTINUED…
S.N Parameter PCM DPCM
1 Number of bits It can use 4,8 or 16 Bits can be more than 1 but
bits/sample less than PCM
2 Levels No. of levels depend Fixed number of levels are
on number of bits used
3 B.W of transmission Highest B.W is B.W is less than PCM
channel required since bits
are high
4 feedback No feedback in Feedback exists
transmitter or
receiver
5 Area of application Audio and video Speech and video
telephony

You might also like