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SHELTER FOR COMPOSITE CLIMATES 3rd SEM

This document discusses design considerations for shelter in composite climates that experience distinct seasonal changes between hot dry, warm humid, and cold seasons. Key recommendations include using thermal mass in roofs and walls to retain heat at night in the hot dry season and cold season; employing light-colored, reflective surfaces and shading in the hot seasons and dark, absorptive surfaces in the cold season; incorporating large openings for cross ventilation in the warm humid season; and drawing on traditional vernacular approaches like ground floor courtyards and lightweight upper floors. The document emphasizes designing shelters that can adequately dissipate and retain heat as needed to accommodate the varying physiological needs across the different seasons.

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393 views19 pages

SHELTER FOR COMPOSITE CLIMATES 3rd SEM

This document discusses design considerations for shelter in composite climates that experience distinct seasonal changes between hot dry, warm humid, and cold seasons. Key recommendations include using thermal mass in roofs and walls to retain heat at night in the hot dry season and cold season; employing light-colored, reflective surfaces and shading in the hot seasons and dark, absorptive surfaces in the cold season; incorporating large openings for cross ventilation in the warm humid season; and drawing on traditional vernacular approaches like ground floor courtyards and lightweight upper floors. The document emphasizes designing shelters that can adequately dissipate and retain heat as needed to accommodate the varying physiological needs across the different seasons.

Uploaded by

flower lily
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SHELTER FOR

COMPOSITE CLIMATES
•NATURE OF THE CLIMATE
•PHYSIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES
•DESIGN CRITERIA
•THE DISCOMFORT INDEX
•FORM AND PLANNING
•EXTERNAL SPACES
•ROOFS AND WALLS
•SURFACE TREATMENT
•OPENINGS
•VENTILATION AND
CONDENSATION
•TRADITIONAL SHELTER
NATURE OF the CLIMATE:
 THE COMPOSITE OR MONSOON CLIMATES ARE NEITHER

CONSISTENTLY HOT AND DRY , NOR WARM AND HUMID .

 THEIR CHARACTERISTICS CHANGE FROM SEASON TO

SEASON , ALTERNATING BETWEEN LONG HOT, DRY PERIOD TO

SHORTER PERIODS OF CONCENTRATED RAINFALL AND HIGH

HUMIDITY .

 SIGNITICANT DIFFERENCES IN AIR TEMPERATURE


,HUMIDITY ,WIND,SKY AND GROUND CONDITION CAN EASILY BE
APPRECIATED BY COMPARING DISCRIPTION OF WARM HUMID AND
HOT DRY CLIMATES.
PHYSIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES:
 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL OBJECTIONS SET OUT FOR
WARM HUMID AND HOT DRY CLIMATES APPLIED TO THE
RESPECTIVE SEASONS OF COMPOSITE CLIMATES .

 ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS ARE CREATED BY THE


THIRD SEASON .

 DURING THIS COLD SEASON EFFECTIVE


TEMPERATURES ARE MUCH LOWER THAN IN THE TWO WARMER
SEASONS , AND PHYSICAL COMFORT WILL DEPEND ON THE
PREVENTION OF HEAT LOSS FROM THE BODY , ESPECIALLY AT
NIGHT .
 IN THE WARM SEASONS THE HEAT DESIPATION IS

INADEQUATE , AND THE DESIGNER ATTEMPTS TO


INCREASE

IT AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE , BUT IN THE COLD SEASON IT

MAY BECOME EXCESSIVE , CREATING A SENSATION OF


COLD

DISCOMFORT – CONSEQUENTLY MEASURES FOR THE

RETENTION OF HEATARE NECESSARY.


DESIGN CRITERIA
THE DISCOMFORT INDEX
FORM AND PLANNING
EXTERNAL SPACE:

WHEN THE SUN IS WELCOME,ALL SHADING IS


UNDESIRABLE.

 FOR THE DRY SEASON CONTROLLED LAND SCAPE


AND ENCLOSURE WALLS ARE NECESSARY TO P LARGE
PROTECTING EAVES AND WIDE VERANDAHS ARE NEEDED IN
THE WARM HUMID SEASON AS OUT-DOOR LIVING AREAS,TO
REDUCE SKY GLARE,KEEP OUT RAIN AND PROVIDE SHADE.

 BRISE-SOLEILS,LOUVRES,AND SUN BREAKS USED


TO PROTECT OPENINGS DURING THE HOT DRY PERIOD,ARE
ALSO ADVANTAGES IN THE RAINY SEASON,SERVING AS
PROTECTION AGAINST RAIN AND WIND DRIVEN SPARY.
SHADING DEVICES SHOULD PREFERABLY BE OF LOW
THERMAL CAPCITY.

 DURING THE COLD SEASON,ROVIDE AGAINST DUST


AND THERMAL WIND.
 THE GHIGHER RAIN FALLMAKES IT EASIER TO MAINTAIN
VEGETATION AROUND BUILDINGS,THEREBY REDUCING DUST.

 A COUTYARD IS THE MOST PLEASANT OUT-DOOR SPACE


FOR MOST OF THE YEAR ,BECAUSE IT EXCLUDES THE WIND AND
TRAP THE SUN.

 IT SHOULD BE DESIGNED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO ALLOW SUN


PENETRATION DURING THE WINTER MONTHS BUT PROVIDE SHADING
IN THE HOT SEASON.

 DECIDIOUS PLANTS CAN SERVE A USEFUL PURPOSE.

 COURTYARD CAN EVEN BE COVERED BY A PERGOLA


CARRYING DECIDIOUS CREEPERS.

 THESE WOULD PROVIDE SHADE IN THE HOT SEASON BUT


ADMIT THE SUN IN THE WINTER
ROOF AND WALLS:

 THE RETENTION OF NIGHT TIME LOW WALL


TEMPERATURES IS DESIRABLE IN THE HOT DRY SEASONS ONLY
BUT THE SAME THERMAL PROPERTIES WILL BE USEFUL IN THE
COLD SEASONS TO RETAIN THE HEAT OF THE DAY FOR THE
UNCOMFPRTABLY COLD NIGHTS.

 ROOFS AND EXTERNAL WALLS SHOULD, THEREFORE, BE


CONSTRUCTED OF SOLID MASONRY OR CONCRETE, TO HAVE A 9
TO 12 HOUR TIME LAG IN HEAT TRANSMISSION.

 THE THERMAL CAPACITY WILL BE OF ADVANTAGE IN


BOTH THE COLD AND THE HOT DRY SEASONS.
 IN THE WARM HUMID SEASONS, A LOW THERMAL
CAPACITY BUT GOOD INSULATING WALL AND ROOF WOULD BE
BETTER THE LARGE THERMAL CAPACITY BEING OF NO GREAT
DISADVANTAGE, PROVIDED IT DOES NOT IMPEDE THE
MOVEMENT OF AIR.

 AN ADVANTAGE OF LOW RISE DEVELOPMENT IS THE


GREATER CONTACT OF WALLS WITH THE GROUNT, DOES THE
GROUND WILL ALSO BE UTILISED FOR THERMAL STORAGE
SURFACE TREATMENT:
 THE PREVENTION OF HEAT ENTERING THROUGH THE OUTER
SURFACE OF THE WALLS AND ROOF IS A FUNDAMNETAL.

 SURFACES EXPOSED TO THE SUN DURING THE HOT AND


WARM SEASONS SHOULD BE LIGHT COLOURED OR OF SHINY POLISHED
METAL.

 DURING THE COLD SEASON THE HEAT OF THE SUN IS


IMPORTANT FOR IMPROVING INDOOR COMFORT, THEREFORE
ABSORTIVE SURFACES WILL BE REQUIRED IN PLACE OF THE SHADING
AND REFLECTIVE SURFACES OF THE HOT SEASONS.

 VARIABLE SURFACES MAY BE DEVICED, BUT THE SOLAR


GEOMETRY MAY OFTEN PERMIT PERMANENT SURFACES TO BE
UTILISED IN THE APROPRIATE SEASONS. EG: NORTH OF THE TRPOIC
OF CANCER, THE BACK WALLS OF SOUTH FACING VARANDAS WILL BE
REACHED BY THE SUN IN NOVEMBER TO FEBRUARY THUS SHOULD BE
MADE HIGHLY ABSORPTIVE.
 IN SOME SUCH LOCATIONS ( AS LABOUR IS CHEAP) A NEW

TRADE HAS DEVELOPED- A MAN WHO WITE WASHERS ROOFS


AT

 THE BEGINNING AT THE WARM SEASONS AND PAINTS THEM

BLACK BEFORE THE COLD SEASON ARRIVES.


OPENINGS:
 ORIENTATION OF OPENINGS IS DETERMINED BY TWO
FACTORS

 TOWARDS THE BREEZE PREVAILING DURING THE


WARM HUMID SEASON , TO UTILISE ITS COOLING EFFECT.

 TOWARDS THE SUN DURING THE COLD SEASON ,


TO UTILIZE THE HEATING EFFECT OF RADIATION ENTERING
THROUGH THE WINDOWS.

 REASONABLY LARGE OPENINGS IN OPPOSITE WALLS


ARE SUITABLE , PREFARABLY WITH SOLID SHUTTERS WHICH
CAN BE OPENED WHEN CROSS VENTILATION IS NECESSARY ,
POSSIBLY DURING THE WARM HUMID SEASON OR FOR
EVENING COOLING IN THE HOT DRY SEASONS.
 THE AREA OF SUCH OPENING SHOULD NOT NORMALLY
EXCEED THE AREA OF SOLID WALLING ON THE SAME
ELEVATION .

 ON THE ADJACENT WALLS THE WINDOWS SHOULD


NOT OCCUPY MORE THAN ABOUT 25% OF TOTAL AREA .
VENTILATION AND CONDENSATION :
 AS BUILDINGS ARE FREQUENTLY CLOSED FOR
LONGED PERIODS VENTILATION REQUIREMENT SHOULD BE
SATISFIED DURING THE HOT DRY SEASON BY SPECIAL
PROVISIONS.

 TWO SMALL OPENINGS , ONE HIGH LEVEL AND LOW


LEVEL, OR VENTILATING STACKS MAY PROVIDE A SOLUTION.

 WHEN THE INDOOR AIR IS WARMER THAN THE


OUTDOOR, FOR EXAMPLE, DURING THE COLD SEASON, THE
AIR FLOW WILL BE ‘IN’ AT LOW LEVEL AND ‘OUT’ AT HIGH
LEVEL.

 THE REVERSE WILL OCCUR WHEN THE OUTDOOR


TEMPERATURE IS HIGHER THAN THE INDOOR, SUCH AS
DURING THE DAY IN THE HOT DRY SEASONS.
 OCCASSIONALLY, DURING TRANSITIONAL PERIODS THAT IS
FROM ONE SEASON TO ANOTHER, CONDENSATION MAY OCCUR
WHEN TWO FACTORS COINCIDE:

 WHEN THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF THE AIR IS HIGH

 WHEN THE SURFACE OF THE WALL OR CEILING IS COLD


ENOUGH TO COOL THE ADJACENT LAYER OF AIR BELOW ITS DEW
POINT.
TRADITIONAL SHELTER:
 THE CHARACTER OF HOUSES TRADITIONAL TO A
COMPOSITE CLIMATE OF ANY PARTICULAR REGION DEPENDS
UPON THE RELATIVE PREDOMINANCE OF HOT DRY OR WARM
HUMID CONDITIONS DURING THE COURSE OF THE YEAR.

 A FAMILIAR URBAN SOLUTION FOR HOUSING IN THESE


CLIMATES IS A GROUND FLOOR WITH MASSIVE WALLS (EARTH
OR MASONRY) WITH LARGE SHUTTER OPENINGS, LAID OUT
AROUND A COURTYARD, AND A FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURE OF
LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS.

 THESE COOL QUICKLY AT NIGHT, TO ALLOW FAIRLY


COMFORTABLE SLEEPING CONDITIONS DURING THE HOTTEST
PART OF THE YEAR.

 IN SUCH A HYBRID STRUCTURE THE CENTRE OF


FAMILY LIFE SHIFTS WITH THE SEASONAL CHANGES OF
CLIMATE.

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