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Process Vessels Column Internals

This document discusses internal components of pressure vessels and columns. It describes parts like vortex breakers, mist eliminators, and structured packings. It also defines different types of pressure vessels and separation sections within vessels. The document provides details on head plates, distributors, pall rings and trays that make up internal columns. It concludes that pressure vessels, towers and columns are used as reactors while tanks and drums are used for storage.

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Inamullah Khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
427 views

Process Vessels Column Internals

This document discusses internal components of pressure vessels and columns. It describes parts like vortex breakers, mist eliminators, and structured packings. It also defines different types of pressure vessels and separation sections within vessels. The document provides details on head plates, distributors, pall rings and trays that make up internal columns. It concludes that pressure vessels, towers and columns are used as reactors while tanks and drums are used for storage.

Uploaded by

Inamullah Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESSURE VESSEL COLUMN /

INTERNAL
MOHD FAIZAL BIN ZULKIFLI
DRAFTER CUM TECHNICAL ASSISTANT

MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
TABLE OF CONTENS
1. SAFETY
2. INTRODUCTION PRESSURE VESSEL
3. TYPE OF PRESSURE VESSEL
4. PRESSURE VESSELS DRAWING CHECKLIST
5. TYPE & DATA OF HEAD PLATE
6. INTERNAL PART
7. DESCRIPTION INTERNAL PARTS
 Vortex Breaker
 Mist elimination
 Pressure vessel drawing
8. INTRODUCTION INTERNAL COLUMNS
9. PART OF INTERNAL COLUMN
• Structured packing
• Distributors
• Pall ring
• Trays
10. CONCLUSION PRESSURE VESSEL & COLUMNS
SAFETY
INTRODUCTION PRESSURE VESSEL
o The vast majority of process vessels employed on an any installation
(offshore / onshore rely on basic principles of fluid dynamics to effect the
separation of oil (or condensate), gas, water and sand. The vessels are
common to both oil & gas production installations
PRESSURE VESSELS
 Design And construction of large and medium Pressure vessels including Liquefied
Gas Storage Tanks, Digestors, Autoclave, Reactors, Columns, Tower, Drums, and
Spheres.
TYPES OF PRESSURE VESSELS
1. Oil/Gas Separator, Separator, Stage Separator

2. Knockout Vessel, Knockout Drum, knockout Trap, Water Knockout Or Liquid Knockout.

3. Flare knock out drum

4. Slug catcher

5. Scrubber (Gas Scrubber).

6. SMS, SVS, SMSM and SMMSM Separators

7. Filter (Gas Filter), Filter/ Separator.

8. Oil Treater

9. Produced Water Cyclones / Flotation Vessel


PRESSURE VESSELS DRAWING
CHECKLIST.
 Thiknesses (shell, head, nozzles reinforcements) against
calculated values.
 Dimension against data sheet.

 Material against specification and data sheet.

 Revision, numbering and titles

 Nozzles locations, size and rating against specification /


data sheet.
 Notes and reference drawing.
TYPE & DATA OF HEAD PLATE
2:1 S.E Head
Approximate Eliptical Dished Head (AD)

This type is approximate 2:1 eliptical


Dished head plate.
R = 0.9045 D
r = 0.1727
h = 1/4D

Hemispherical Head

This type is theoretically the best one as


the head of pressure vessels.
R = 0.5 D
INTERNAL PART

I = Inlet for two phase feed


OV = Outlet for leaving
OL = Outlet for leaving liquid
1= Primary Separation section
2= Secondary separation section
3= Liquid separation section
4= Mist extractor
5= Vortex braker
DESCRIPTION INTERNAL PARTS
 Primary separation section (entrance):
for separating the bulk of the liquid from the gas. It is desirable to remove the liquid slugs and large droplets of
liquid quickly from the gas stream, and to remove gas from the liquid.

 Secondary separation section:


for removing smaller particles of liquid by gravity settling depends to a large extent on the decreased gas velocity
and reducing the turbulence of gas.

 Liquid separation section (or the liquid accumulation section):


for removing gas bubbles which may be occluded with the liquid, and for sufficient storage of the liquid to handle
the slugs of liquid anticipated in routine operation.

 Mist extractor or eliminator section:


for removing from the gas entrained drops of liquid, which did not separate in the secondary separation section.
Mist extractor might be used to decrease the amount of entrained liquid in the gas and to reduce diameter of the
vessel.

 Vortex breaker (in the bottom of the vessel):


prevents potential pump suction problems if a pump is used to remove collected liquids.
VORTEX BREAKER
 vortex breaker is a device used in engineering to stop the formation of a
vortex when a fluid (liquid or gas) is drained from a vessel such as a tank or
vapor-liquid separator. The formation of vortices can entrain vapor in the
stream, leading to poor
separation in process steps such as
distillation or excessive pressure drop or
causing cavitation of
downstreampumps.

VORTEX
BREAKER
DESIGN
MIST ELIMINATION
Mist elimination, or the removal of entrained liquid droplets from a vapor
stream, is one of the most commonly encountered processes regardless
of unit operation. Unfortunately, mist eliminators are often considered
commodity items and are specified without attention to available technologies
and design approaches.
PRESSURE VESSEL DRAWING
INTRODUCTION INTERNAL COLUMNS

Flanged columns

Packing and internal are installed


Through the column flange.

Welded vessel columns

Packing and segmental internal


are installed through manholes.
PART OF INTERNAL COLUMNS
STRUCTURED PACKING
 Mass transfer in absorption, desorption, rectification and extraction columns
can be improved by the use of structured packing in various materials. They
provide high throughput coupled with low pressure drop and at the same
time ensure good separation efficiency.
DISTRIBUTORS
Fewer lateral holes, due to the spreading
effect of the splash-plate.

Larger hole diameters than conventional


discharge systems.

Anti-plugging, due to large holes


and the lateral discharge of liquid.
T
he feed liquid is pre-distributed at
a precisely controlled rate from a
main channel (mounted above) into
the individual arm channels.
PALL RING
 Used as an inexpensive but very effective means to increase a tower's capacity and
efficiency.
 There are numerous process advantages that can be realized by using packing in
various applications. The predominant reasons to use tower packings are to reduce
pressure drop through the column, increase the capacity compared to trays at the same
efficiency, and/or reduce liquid holdup in the column.
TRAYS
 Tray Columns utilize a pressure and temperature differential to separate the products. For most
tray columns, the weir holds a liquid level of each tray. Liquid enters from the downcomer of the
tray above. The vapor must overcome this liquid head to move up the column. On the tray the
vapor and liquid are contacted becomes bubble or froth where the mass transfer takes place and
then above the tray they are separated where froth flows over the outlet weir and vapor with the
light volatile compound is disengaged.
 Tray column performs well in high liquid and vapor loading. Tray have higher pressure drop than
packed, and It also have high resistance to corrosion.
CONCLUSION PRESSURE VESSEL &
COLUMNS
 The conclusion are depends on the functionality of each
item as per process description of the plant for instance
pressure vessel, tower and column are used as reactors
while tanks and drums used as storage of feedstock or
final product .
 Pressure vessels, towers, columns and tanks are
considered as pressure equipment. Drums is categorized
as non-pressure equipment as well as atmospheric
storage tanks.

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