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GE 102 - Reading in The Philippine History

This document discusses key concepts in history and historiography. It defines history as the study of the past through written documents and evidence. It notes that without written records, events cannot be considered historical facts. The document outlines different types of valid historical sources like government records and personal letters. It also discusses different approaches in historiography such as positivism, which requires empirical evidence, and post-colonialism, which examines histories of formerly colonized nations. Finally, it discusses the role of historians in interpreting facts and sources through historical methodology.

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Liezel Pable Dajuya
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2K views20 pages

GE 102 - Reading in The Philippine History

This document discusses key concepts in history and historiography. It defines history as the study of the past through written documents and evidence. It notes that without written records, events cannot be considered historical facts. The document outlines different types of valid historical sources like government records and personal letters. It also discusses different approaches in historiography such as positivism, which requires empirical evidence, and post-colonialism, which examines histories of formerly colonized nations. Finally, it discusses the role of historians in interpreting facts and sources through historical methodology.

Uploaded by

Liezel Pable Dajuya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION

GE 102 – Reading in the Philippine


History
DEFINITION OF HISTORY
 Derivedfrom Greek Word “historia” which means
“knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation”
 Also known as the “study of the past”.
 Isthe account of the person or a group of people through
written documents and historical evidences.
 History also focused on writing about wars, revolutions,
and other important breakthroughs.
NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY
 It means that unless a written document can
prove a certain historical event, then it cannot
be considered as a historical facts.
SOME VALID HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
 Government Records
 Chronicle’s Accounts

 Personal Letters
 Receipts, etc.
DISCRIMATION IN THE VALIDITY OF HISTORY

 Restrictinghistorical evidence as exclusively written


is a discrimination against other social classes who
were not recorded in paper.
 Othersgot their historical documents burned or
destroyed in the events of war or colonization.
QUESTION AND
ISSUES IN
HISTORY
What is history?
Why study history?

And history for whom?


HISTORIOGRAPHY
 Is the history of history.
 It covers how historians have studied and developed history
including its sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches.
 It should not be confused with history because history is the study of
the past, the events that happened in the past.
 It focuses on how a certain historical text was written, who wrote it,
what was the context of its publication, what historical method was
employed, what sources were used.
POSITIVISM
 Is the school of thought that emerged between the 18 th and
19th century. This thought requires empirical and observable
evidence before one can claim that a particular knowledge
is true.
 Historians
were required to show written primary
documents in order to write a particular historical narrative.
POST-COLONIALISM
 Is
the school of thought that emerged in the early 20th
century when formerly colonized nations grappled
with the idea of creating their identities and
understanding their societies against the shadows of
their colonial past.
HISTORY AND THE HISTORIAN
Facts cannot speak for themselves. It is the
historian’s job not just to seek historical
evidences and facts but also to interpret
them. It is their job to give meaning to
these facts and organize them into timeline,
establish causes, and write history.
HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY
It comprises certain techniques and rules
that historians follow in order to properly
utilize sources and historical evidences in
writing history.
HISTORICAL SOURCES
Two Classification:
1. Primary Sources
2. Secondary Sources
PRIMARY SOURCES
 Are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or
subject being studied.
Examples:
 Minutes
 Newspaper clippings
 Records
 Photographs
 Eyewitness(es)
SECONDARY SOURCES
 Are those sources produced by an author who used primary
sources to produce the material.

Example:
 Phil. Revolution 1935
 Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses 1956
HISTORICAL SOURCES
When examining a source, the historian
must conduct:
(a). External Criticism
(b). Internal Criticism
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
 Thepractice of verifying the authenticity of
evidence by examining the physical
characteristics; consistency with the historical
characteristic of the time when it was produced,
and the materials used for evidence.
INTERNAL CRITICISM
 Isthe examination of the truthfulness and factuality
of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source
and examines the circumstance of its production it
could be done by looking at the author, its context,
agenda, the purpose behind its creation.
THANK YOU!!! 
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