L4 Continuous Probability
L4 Continuous Probability
Properties:
Unimodal
Symmetrical
σ
Mean=median=mode
μ x
asymptotic to the x-axis
Mean
= Median
= Mode
Normal Probability Distribution
Characteristics
x
The entire family of normal probability
distributions is defined by its mean m and its
standard deviation s .
Standard Deviation s
x
Mean m
The highest point on the normal curve is at the
mean, which is also the median and mode.
x
Probabilities for the normal random variable are
given by areas under the curve. The total area
under the curve is 1 (.5 to the left of the mean and
.5 to the right).
.5 .5
x
The Standard Normal Distribution
9
If x < If x >
-z 0 +z
10
11 The Standard Normal Table
• Example: If Z = 1.96,
0.4750
then
P(0<Z<1.96) = 0.475
Z 0 1.96
Sampling Error x - μ
19 x sample mean
μ population mean
Example
If the population mean μ = 100 degrees F
and a sample of n = 5 temperatures yields
a sample mean of = 90 degrees F, then
the samplingXerror is
20
The Sample Standard Deviation
If a population is normally distributed with mean μ and standard
deviation σ, the sampling distribution of is also normally
x
distributed
21
z-value for Sampling Distribution of
x
z-value for the sampling distribution is:
(x μ)
z
σ
n
22
where: =xsample mean
μ
= population mean
σ
= population standard deviation
n = sample size
If the Population is not Normal
Central Limit Theorem can be applied where even if the
population is not normally distributed, the sampling
distribution will be approximately normal as long as the
sample size is large enough
23
Finding the probability of a sampling distribution
24
z-Value for Proportions
p
z
p
where: