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Lecture 1.4 Design Vs Design Thinking

The document discusses different perspectives on the design process. It describes the rational model, which involves optimizing a design through discrete stages to meet known objectives and constraints. In contrast, the action-centric perspective involves reflection-in-action, sensemaking through iterative evaluation and implementation, and a cyclical process without predetermined stages. The document also discusses technical problem solving and provides examples of design processes that could fit either the rational model or action-centric perspective depending on how flexible the process is to changes. Overall, the key points covered are different views of the design process and how they account for the unpredictable nature of design work.

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yann olivier
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185 views

Lecture 1.4 Design Vs Design Thinking

The document discusses different perspectives on the design process. It describes the rational model, which involves optimizing a design through discrete stages to meet known objectives and constraints. In contrast, the action-centric perspective involves reflection-in-action, sensemaking through iterative evaluation and implementation, and a cyclical process without predetermined stages. The document also discusses technical problem solving and provides examples of design processes that could fit either the rational model or action-centric perspective depending on how flexible the process is to changes. Overall, the key points covered are different views of the design process and how they account for the unpredictable nature of design work.

Uploaded by

yann olivier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Electronics & Communication

Engineering
P r o f . K o u a m e Ya n n O l i v i e r A
[email protected]
23/12/2020
LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
DEFINITION

A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an


object or system or for the implementation of an activity or
process, or the result of that plan or specification in the form of
a prototype, product or process
The design usually has to satisfy certain goals and constraints,
which may take into account aesthetic, functional, economic, or
socio-political considerations, and is expected to interact with a
certain environment

2
LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
DESIGN PROCESS

 Substantial disagreement exists concerning how designers in many


fields, whether amateur or professional, alone or in teams, produce
designs
 there are many ways of describing design processes; Kees Dorst
and Judith Dijkhuis, both designers discussed two basic and
fundamentally different ways:
• the rational model or reflection-in-action
• technical problem solving or co-evolution
• the reason-centric perspective or the action-centric perspective
3
LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
RATIONAL MODEL

• In the rational model, designers attempt to optimize a design


candidate for known constraints and objectives.
• The design process is plan-driven.
• The design process is understood in terms of a discrete sequence
of stages.
• An application of rational model is “engineering design”
• A drawback of this process is that goals are often unknown when a
design project begins, and the requirements and constraints continue to
change
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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
RATIONAL MODEL

Rational decision making process Engineering design process


5
LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
TECHNICAL PROBLEM SOLVING

• Identify the problem (clearly state the problem)


• Establish what you want to achieve (list
requirements and constraints)
• Gather information and research (survey on existing
solutions)
• Brainstorm possible solutions and identify the best
(list/sketch as many solution as you can)
• Implement the solution (develop proper plan, define
tasks ad resources )
• Test and evaluate the solution (compare the
solution against the requirements and constraints)

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
REASON/ACTION CENTRIC PERSPECTIVE

 The action-centric perspective is based on a methodical development.


 Here, research and knowledge are brought into the design process through
the judgment and common sense of designers – by designers "thinking on
their feet" – more than through the predictable and controlled process
stipulated by the rational model.
 Three major concepts/activities are discussed in this model:
 Reflection in action
 Sensemaking coevolution
 Design cycle

7
LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
REASON/ACTION CENTRIC PERSPECTIVE

It involves three basic activities:


 Reflection in action
 Framing: Refers to conceptualizing the problem, defining goals and objectives
 Making moves: it’s a tentative design decision
 Evaluating moves: the evaluation process may lead to further moves in the design
 Sensemaking-implementation-coevolution
 Sense-making includes both framing and evaluating moves
 implementation is process on constructing the design object
 Coevolution is the process in which the design agent refines the design as things progress

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
REASON/ACTION CENTRIC PERSPECTIVE

 Design cycle
It is understood as a circular time structure as follows
 thinking of an idea
 Express it by use of visual or verbal means of communication (design tools)
 Sharing the idea
 Starting a new cycle with the critical rethinking of the perceived idea
 Making moves: it’s a tentative design decision
 Evaluating moves: the evaluation process may lead to further moves in the design

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
REASON/ACTION CENTRIC PERSPECTIVE

Conceptual Model of Design


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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
EXAMPLES OF DESIGN PROCESSES

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
EXAMPLES OF DESIGN PROCESSES

12
LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
WHAT ABOUT DESIGN THINKING PROCESS?

13
LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
COMMON DESIGN PROCESS VS DESIGN THINKING

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN THINKING
DESIGN
(MRI scan) Diagnostic imaging
procedures are cutting-edge
technology.

PROBLEM
At the same time they are an
unpleasant experience for patients
and even more for pediatric patients.

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN THINKING
BACKGROUND
Doug Dietz is an industrial designer, working for GE
healthcare since more than 20 years.
PROBLEM
He saw a little girl who was crying on her way to a scanner
that was designed by him.
CHALLENGE
How could one create a scanner experience that children
would love?
APPROACH
He went to Stanford’s d.school for a workshop on Design
Thinking. He learned about a human-centered approach to
design and innovation

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN THINKING
APPROACH
He talked to child life specialists to
understand what pediatric patients
went through.
He reached out for help from experts
from a local children’s museum, and
doctors and staff from two hospitals
SOLUTION
(The image)
https://youtu.be/hnSPmcZjEqs

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN THINKING
APPROACH
What can you say about the result?

Did the solution proposed work?

Do you think design thinking is


important?

How can design thinking help you in


solving problem?

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN
IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN THINKING

Importance of Design
Thinking for people
who apply Design
thinking process

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LET’S TALK ABOUT DESIGN

ASSIGNMENT 4:
1- ANSWER TO THE QUESTIONS ASKED
ABOUT THE VIDEO
2- TWO EXAMPLES FOR DESIGN
PROCESSES ARE GIVEN. IDENTIFY TO
WHICH CATEGORY THEY BELONG TO
(RATIONAL? TECHNICAL PROBLEM
SOLVING? ACTION CENTRIC? ) JUSTIFY
YOUR ANSWER
Note:
• Student must maintain a separate assignment book for
Design Thinking subject
• The assignment book must be carried along for both theory
and practice sessions

20
THANK YOU

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