Transtheoretical

Model

Stephanie P. Dayaganon
 Transtheoretical Model

Overview

 The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) (also called the Stages of Change Model).
 Developed by Prochaska and Diclemente in the late 1970’s.
 Research was being conducted on the experiences of smokers, some who quit smoking on their
own and some who had to seek treatment. They wanted to understand why people quit on their
own.
 Research concluded that people quit smoking when they were ready, thus giving birth to the
Transtheoretical Model (TTM).

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 Transtheoretical Model

Overview

 TTM operates on the assumption that people do not change behaviours quickly and
decisively. Rather, change in behaviour, specially habitual behaviour , occurs continuously
through a cyclical process.
 TTM is not theory, but a model; different behavioural theories and constructs can be
applied to various stages of the model where they may be most effective.

Thus, the Theoretical Model (TTM) focuses on the decision-making of

the individual and is a model of intentional change.
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TTM posits that individuals move through six (6) stages of change:
precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
and termination.

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 6
STAGES OF CHANGE

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STAGES OF CHANGE

1. PRECONTEMPLATION (Not Ready)

-in this stage, people do not intend to take action in the

foreseeable future.
-people are often unaware that their behaviour is problematic or
produces negative consequences.
-people often underestimate the pros of changing and place too
much emphasis on the cons of changing behaviour.

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STAGES OF CHANGE

2. CONTEMPLATION (Getting Ready)

-in this stage, people are intending to start the healthy behaviour
in the foreseeable future.
-people recognize that their behaviour may be problematic and a
more thoughtful and practical consideration of the pros and cons of
changing the behaviour takes place with equal emphasis placed on both.
-even with this recognition, people may still feel ambivalent
toward changing their behaviour.

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STAGES OF CHANGE

3. PREPARATION (Determination)

-in this stage, people are ready to take action within the next 30
days.
-people start to take small steps toward the behaviour change and
they believe changing their behaviour can lead to a healthier life.

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STAGES OF CHANGE

4. ACTION

-in this stage, people have recently changed their behaviour and
intend to keep moving forward with that behaviour change.
-people may exhibit this by modifying their problem behaviour of
acquiring new healthy behaviours.

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STAGES OF CHANGE

5. MAINTENANCE

-in this stage, people have sustained their behaviour change for a
while and intend to maintain the behaviour change going forward.
-people in this stage work to prevent relapse to earlier stages.

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STAGES OF CHANGE

6. TERMINATION

-in this stage, people have no desire to return to their unhealthy

behaviours and are sure they will not relapse.
-since this is rarely reached and people tend to stay in the
maintenance stage, this stage is often not considered in health
promotion programs.

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 To progress through the stages of change, people apply cognitive,
affective and evaluative processes. Ten (10) processes of change have
been identified with some processes being more relevant to a specific
stage of change than other processes.

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 10
PROCESSES OF CHANGE

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 PROCESSES OF CHANGE

1. Consciousness Raising 3. Self-Reevaluation

 Increasing awareness about the  Self reappraisal to realize the
healthy behaviour. healthy behavior is part of who
they want to be.

2. Dramatic Relief 4. Environmental Reevaluation

 Emotional arousal about the health  Social reappraisal to realize how their
behaviour, whether positive or unhealthy behavior affects others.
negative arousal.
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 PROCESSES OF CHANGE

5. Social Liberation 7. Helping Relationships

 Environmental opportunities that  Finding supportive relationships
exist to show society is supportive that encourage the desired
of the healthy behaviour. change.

6. Self-Liberation 8. Counter-Conditioning
 Commitment to change behaviour  Substituting healthy behaviors and
based on the belief that thoughts for unhealthy behaviors and
achievement of the healthy thoughts.
behaviour is possible.
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PROCESSES OF CHANGE

9. Reinforcement Management
 Rewarding the positive behaviour and reducing the
rewards that come from negative behaviour.

10. Stimulus Control

 Re-engineering the environment to have reminders and
cues that support and encourage the healthy behaviour
and remove those that encourage the unhealthy
behaviour.

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 BOTTOMLINE

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) provides suggested strategies for public health
interventions to address people at various stages of the decision-making process. This can
result in interventions that are tailored (i.e., a message or program component has been
speifically created for a target population’s level of knowledge and motivation) and
effective. The TTM encourages an asssessment of an individual’s current stage of change
and accounts for relapse in people’s decision-making process

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REFERENCES:

Prochaska, James O., and Carlo C. DiClemente. “Stages and Processes of self-
Change Of Smoking: Toward An Integrative Model Of Change..” Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51.3 (1983): 390-395.
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/Be
havioralChangeTheories6.html
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/RozanneClarke/transtheoretical-model-stages-o
f-change-model
https://www.slideserve.com/Anita/transtheoretical-model
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2904548/
https://www.prochange.com/transtheoretical-model-of-behaviour-change

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THANKS!
Stephanie P. Dayaganon

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