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Characteristics and Types of Processors

The document discusses the key components and characteristics of computer processors. It explains that processors have three main components: the input/output unit, control unit, and arithmetic logic unit. It also covers the typical manufacturers of processors, Intel and AMD. Processor speed is generally measured in GHz, with higher speeds indicating better performance. Other topics covered include the system bus, voltage regulation, features like hyperthreading and overclocking, and different processor packaging types like PGA and LGA.

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dana pulido
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673 views

Characteristics and Types of Processors

The document discusses the key components and characteristics of computer processors. It explains that processors have three main components: the input/output unit, control unit, and arithmetic logic unit. It also covers the typical manufacturers of processors, Intel and AMD. Processor speed is generally measured in GHz, with higher speeds indicating better performance. Other topics covered include the system bus, voltage regulation, features like hyperthreading and overclocking, and different processor packaging types like PGA and LGA.

Uploaded by

dana pulido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHARACTERISTICS

AND TYPES OF
PROCESSORS
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING
PROCESSOR
• THE PRIMARY COMPONENT THAT DETERMINES THE
COMPUTING POWER OF THE SYSTEM

TWO MAJOR MANUFACTURERS OF PROCESSORS


1. INTEL (www.intel.com)
2. AMD (www.amd.com)
HOW A PROCESSOR WORKS
• A PROCESSOR CONTAINS THREE BASIC COMPONENTS:
1. INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) UNIT – MANAGES DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS
ENTERING AND LEAVING THE PPROCESSOR
2. CONTROL UNIT – MANAGES ALL ACTIVITIES INSIDE THE PROCESSOR
ITSELF
3. ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU) – DOES ALL LOGICAL COMPARISONS AND
CALCULATIONS
SPEED
• THE SPEED OF THE PROCESSOR IS GENERALLY DESCRIBED IN
CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz or GHz).
• GHz is short for GigaHertz. Giga means ‘Billion’ and Hertz means
‘one cycle per second’. So a processor of 2GHz can perform 2 Billion
cycle in one second
• THE HIGHER THE NUMBER THE BETTER IT IS FOR YOUR CPU
• SOMETIMES, THE ACTUAL SPEED OF THE PROCESSOR MIGHT
BE SLIGHTLY HIGHER OR LOWER THAN THE ADVERTISED SPEED.
SYSTEM BUS
• The set of data lines between the CPU and the primary memory of
the system can be 32 or 64-bits wide. The wider the bus, the more
data that can be processed per unit of time, and hence the more
work that can be performed.
Voltage Regulator Module (VRM)
• The circuitry that sends a standard voltage level to the portion of
the processor that is able to send a signal back to the VRM
concerning the voltage level the CPU needs. After receiving the
signal, the VRM truly regulates the voltage to steadily provide the
requested voltage
FEATURES OF THE PROCESSOR
• HYPERTHREADING

a technology developed by Intel Corporation.


Commonly referred to as “HT Technology”
Enables the processor to execute two threads, or sets
of instructions at the same time. It is almost like having
two separate processors working together
Allows two programs to be processed as separate
threads at the same time.
FEATURES OF THE PROCESSOR
• OVERCLOCKING

For most motherboards and processors, you can


override the default frequencies by changing a setting in
BIOS setup. Running a motherboard or processor at a
higher speed than the manufacturer suggests is called
overclocking and is not recommended because the speed
is not guaranteed to be stable. Also, know that running a
processor at a higher-than-recommended speed can
result in overheating, which can damage the processor.
Dealing with overheating is a major concern when
overclocking a system.
PROCESSOR PACKAGING
• DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE (DIP)

A CHIP ENCASED IN HARD PLASTIC WITH PINS RUNNING


ALONG THE OUTSIDE
IT HAS 20 PINS. PIN 1 IS LOCATED AT THE END OF THE CHIP
WITH A NOTCH
PROCESSOR PACKAGING
• PIN GRID ARRAY (PGA)

A SQUARE CHIP WITH


AN ARRAY OF PINS FILLING
UP THE SHAPE OF THE CHIP.
PIN 1 IS LOCATED IN THE
CORNER THAT IS CUT OFF
OR MARKED WITH A
DIAGONAL LINE
PROCESSOR PACKAGING
• STAGGERED PIN GRID
ARRAY (SPGA)
ARRANGES THE PINS IN
WHAT APPEARS TO BE A
CHECKERBOARD PATTERN,
BUT IF YOU ANGLE THE CHIP
DIAGONALLY, YOU’LL
NOTICE STRAIGHT ROWS,
CLOSER TOGETHER THAN
THE RIGHT ANGLE ROWS
AND COLUMNS OF A PGA.
PROCESSOR PACKAGING
• SINGLE EDGE CONTACT (SEC)

A LARGE CARTRIDGE ENCASED IN A PLASTIC HOUSING


INSERTED INTO A SLOT ON THE MOTHERBOARD.
PROCESSOR PACKAGING
• LAND GRID ARRAY (LGA)

A socket style that has


a plate that lowers into
place over the CPU to hold
it in place.
SELECT 1 COMPONENT FROM
THE DISCUSSION AND WRITE 10
FACTS OR INFORMATION YOU
WERE ABLE TO KNOW AND
UNDERSTAND ABOUT THEM.
-HARD DISK DRIVE
-MEMORY
-PROCESSOR
-EXPANSION CARD AND SLOTS
-POWER SUPPLY

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