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Database Management System: by Bhavesh Patel

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of databases. The relational model, introduced in 1970, uses tables, rows, and columns and became the predominant database model. Relational databases like Oracle, SQL Server, and MySQL allow users to query and manage data through SQL. A relational database consists of a set of tables made up of records with fields that can be accessed and reassembled flexibly without changing the database structure.

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Navtej Bhatt
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82 views

Database Management System: by Bhavesh Patel

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and use of databases. The relational model, introduced in 1970, uses tables, rows, and columns and became the predominant database model. Relational databases like Oracle, SQL Server, and MySQL allow users to query and manage data through SQL. A relational database consists of a set of tables made up of records with fields that can be accessed and reassembled flexibly without changing the database structure.

Uploaded by

Navtej Bhatt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management System

By Bhavesh Patel
 Data
 Information
 Database
 Database Management System
 A Database Management System (DBMS) is a
set of computer programs that controls the
creation, maintenance, and the use of
the database with computer as a platform or of
an organization and its end users.

 i.e. A DBMS is a system software package that


helps the use of integrated collection of data
records and files known as databases. 
History of DBMS
 In 1970s someone has presented the concept of Relational model after
which the Relational Database Management Systems came into existence.

 A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks", a paper


written by _____ while working at IBM's San Jose research lab

 During this period, Network and hierarchical dbms were considered to be


more efficient.
 CODASYL – Network Model based
 IBM’s IMS written for System/360 – Hierarchical Model based
 In early 1980s, the researches at IBM Laboratory applied someone’s Design
and rules for System R project.

 Later on System R became a database system having first version of SQL


as part of it. It was based on Relational Model.

 Oracle, IBM DB2 were the commercial products that implemented the
Relational Model.
History of DBMS
 Due to simplicity and efficiency of Relational
Model, DBMS based on Network and hierarchical
model lost their market.
Relational Model
 It uses the concept of Mathematical relation as its basic building block and has its
theoretical basis in set theory and first –order predicate logic.

 The relational data-model also defines certain constraints on the tables and defines
operations on them.

 The basic set of operations and declarative notation for Relational Model is provided
by
Relational algebra and Relational calculus.

 SQL is derived
from Rel. algebra and Rel. Calculus.

 The relational model used the basic concept of a relation or table.


 The columns or fields in the table identify the attributes such as name, age, and so.
 A tuple or row contains all the data of a single instance of the table 
Relational Model
 The relational model used the basic concept of
a relation or table.
 The columns or fields in the table identify the
attributes such as name, age, and so.
 A tuple or row contains all the data of a single
instance of the table 
RDBMS

 RDBMS examples:
 MS SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, MS
Access, SyBase, 
History of Oracle
 Oracle is a RDBMS produced and marketed by Oracle
corporation
 Larry Ellison and his friends Bob Miner and Ed Oates
have started the Software consultancy Development
Laboratory in 1977. they developed the first version of
Oracle.
 Current Stable release is Oracle 11g R2 for cross-
platform.
History of SQL

 SQL got its first ANSI standard in 1986.


 The one in 1992, was known as SQL2.
 Oracle 10g supports SQL -2003 standard
 SQL 2003 – have
 Object Relational features
 SQL/XML features
 Business Intelligence features
Relational Database
 A relational database is a big spreadsheet that
several people can update simultaneously.
 Definition
 A relational database is a collection of data items organized
as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be
accessed or reassembled in many different ways without
having to reorganize the database tables.

 i.e. A relational database consists of a set of tables, where


each table is a set of records. A record in turn is a set
of fields and each field is a pair field-name/field-value. All
records in a particular table have the same number of fields
with the same field-names
 The standard user and application program
interface to a relational database is the structured
query language (SQL).

 SQL statements are used both for interactive


queries for information from a relational database
and for gathering data for reports.
SQL
 SQL is a 4th generation language.
 Most computer languages are procedural. but
 It is a __________language
non-procedural
 .SQL queries no longer depends on the data
representation.
 i.e. RDBMS free to store data however it wants.
PL/SQL
 Sometimes it becomes necessary to implement
the 3rd generation language constructs, which are
not available in SQL. So,

 PL/SQL is developed by ORACLE which


combines the power and flexibility of a 4th GL
(SQL) with the procedure constructs of a 3rd
generation language.
SQL Plus
 SQL Plus is a command line tool (Software)
developed by ORACLE , which is an interface to
write SQL and PL/SQL statements. It can be
used interactively

 It is frequently used by DBA and developers to


interact with the ORACLE database.
sqlplus is equivalent to:

 "sql" in Ingres,
 "isql" in Sybase ,
 "sqlcmd" in Microsoft SQL Server,
 "db2" in IBM DB2,
 "psql" in PostgreSQL, and
 "mysql" in MySQL.
Relational Database Design
 We will learn the concepts of Relational Model
 Relation Schema
 Relation database Schema
 Domains, tuples, attributes
 Ordering of tuples in a relation.
 Relational Model constraints

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