Touch screen Technology

NAME - Abhishek Ranjan

R.NO. – RE3004 B58
REG.NO.-11001020
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WHAT IS TO BE EXPLAINED..
INTRODUCTION TO THE
TECHNOLOGY
HISTORY
HOW IT WORKS ?
TOUCH SCREEN DIVERSITY
CONTROLERS USED
CLOSING THOUGHTS

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INTRODUCING THE TECHNOLOGY

 A touch screen is an input device that allows users to

operate a PC by simply touching the display screen.

 The display screen has a sensitive glass overlay placed on

it and we could give the desired input by touching it.

 A touch screen is based on CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

technology, that accepts direct onscreen input.

 The ability for direct onscreen input is facilitated by an

external (light pen) or an internal device (touch overlay
and controller) .

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 HISTORY
 Touch screens emerged from academic and corporate research labs
in the second half of the 1960s.
 One of the first places where they gained some visibility was in the
terminal of a computer-assisted learning terminal that came out in
1972 as part of the PLATO project.
 The HP-150 from 1983 was probably the world's earliest
commercial touch screen computer.
 It doesn't actually have a touch screen in the strict sense, but a 9"
Sony CRT surrounded by infrared transmitters and receivers which
detect the position of any non-transparent object on the screen.

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HOW DOES A TOUCHSCREEN WORK?

Main touch screen components:

 Touch sensor

 Controller
 Software driver

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 TOUCH SENSOR
 A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a
touch responsive surface which is placed over a
display screen so that the responsive area of the
panel covers the viewable area of the display screen.

 The sensor generally has an electrical current or

signal going through it and touching the screen
causes a voltage or signal change. This voltage
change is used to determine the location of the
touch to the screen

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 CONTROLLER
 The controller is a small
PC card that connects
between the touch sensor
and the PC. It takes
information from the
touch sensor and
translates it into
information that PC can
understand.

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 SOFTWARE DRIVER

 The driver is a software that allows the touch

screen and computer to work together. It tells the
operating system how to interpret the touch event
information that is sent from the controller.

 Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-

emulation type driver. This makes touching the
screen the same as clicking your mouse at the
same location on the screen.
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TOUCH SCREEN DIVERSITY
 Resistive Touch screen
 Surface wave Touch screen
 Capacitive Touch screen

*Surface capacitive
*Projected capacitive
 Near Field Imaging Touch screen
 Infrared Touch screen

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RESISTIVE TOUCH SCREEN

1. Polyester Film .
2. Top Resistive Layer.
3. Conductive Transparent Metal Coating.
4. Bottom Resistive Layer .
5. Insulating Dots .
6. Glass Substrate

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 Polyester Film

Conductive Metal
Coating
Top Resistive Layer

Bottom Resistive
Layer

Insulating Dots

Glass Substrate

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Continued…
 Resistive touch screen monitor is composed of a
flexible top layer and a rigid bottom layer separated by
insulating dots, attached to a touch screen controller.
 The inside surface of each of the two layers is coated
with a transparent metal oxide coating
 Pressing the flexible top sheet creates electrical
contact between the resistive layers, producing a
switch closing in the circuit.
 The controller gets the alternating voltages between
the two layers and converts them into the digital X and
Y coordinates of the activated area.

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 VS20UA CONTROLLER

 Supply Voltage
5.0V  DC
 Maximum
Current 
20mA (Pick)
 Resolution

12-bit

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SURFACE WAVE TECHNOLOGY
 It has a transmitting and receiving transducers for both the X and Y
axes.

 The touchscreen controller sends a 5 MHz electrical signal to the

transmitting transducer, which converts the signal into ultrasonic waves
within the glass.

 These waves are directed across the front surface of the touchscreen by
an array of reflectors.

 Reflectors on the opposite side gather and direct the waves to the
receiving transducer, which reconverts them into an electrical signal—a
digital map of the touchscreen

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Continued…
 When you touch the screen, you absorb a portion of the
wave traveling across it. The received signal is then
compared to the stored digital map, the change recognized,
and a coordinate calculated. . The digitized coordinates are
transmitted to the computer for processing.

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 2701RSU CONTROLLER
 Voltaze
+5 VDC
 Baud Rate
9600 (default) and 19200

 Touch Resolution
12bit, size independent

 Conversion Time
10 ms per coordinate set

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CAPACITIVE TOUCH SCREENS
Surface Capacitive
 Electrodes around the panel's edge distribute a low voltage
across the conductive layer & creates an uniform electric
field.
 An uniform conductive coating on a glass panel.
 A finger touch draws current from each corner.
 Controller measures the ratio of the current flow from the
corners.

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5000 RSU SERIAL CONTROLLER
 Supply Voltage :
+5 V DC or +12V

 Baud Rate
9600 (default) and 19200

 Touch Resolution
12bit, size independent.

 Conversion Time
Approximately 15 ms per
coordinate set

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Projected Capacitive Touch screen
3layers:-front and
back protective glass
provides optical and
strength enhancement
options & middle
layer consists of a
laminated sensor grid
of micro-fine wires
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Continued…
 During a touch,
capacitance forms
between the finger
and the sensor
grid.
 The embedded
serial controller in
the touch screen
calculates touch
location
coordinates and
transmits them to
the computer for
processing. 21
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 Pros & Cons
 Direct pointing to the  Low precision by
objects. using finger
 Fast  User has to sit or stand
 Finger or pen is usable closer to the screen
(No cable required)  The screen may be
 No keyboard necessary covered more by using
 Suited to: novices, hand
application for  No direct activation to
information retrieval etc the selected function

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 CLOSING THOUGHTS
Though the touch screen technology
contains some limitations it’s very user
friendly, fast, accurate, easy and fun to
operate. It has been widely accepted. And
now by just modifying a little it can replace
the mouse and key board completely in near
future.

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