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CO1 Chapter 1 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to computer architecture and assembly language. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to the programmer like the instruction set, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It also explains that structure is how components relate, and function is the operation of individual components. The main computer functions are data processing, storage, movement, and control. It then provides diagrams illustrating the top level structure of a computer system and the internal structure of the central processing unit and control unit.

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29 views

CO1 Chapter 1 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to computer architecture and assembly language. It discusses that architecture refers to attributes visible to the programmer like the instruction set, while organization is how features are implemented internally. It also explains that structure is how components relate, and function is the operation of individual components. The main computer functions are data processing, storage, movement, and control. It then provides diagrams illustrating the top level structure of a computer system and the internal structure of the central processing unit and control unit.

Uploaded by

hudhaifa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CCS 3310 Computer Architecture and

Assembly Language

Chapter 1
Introduction
CO1 : Explain computer evolution and the
various components of a computer system
and its operation.
Architecture & Organization
• Architecture is those attributes visible to
the programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
—e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization is how features are
implemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
done by repeated addition?
Architecture & Organization
• All Intel x86 family share the same basic
architecture
• The IBM System/370 family share the
same basic architecture

• This gives code compatibility


—At least backwards
• Organization differs between different
versions
Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which components
relate to each other

• Function is the operation of individual


components as part of the structure
Function
• All computer functions are:
- Data processing : The computer, of course, must be
able to process data.
- Data storage : It is also essential that a computer store
data
- Data movement : The computer must be able to move
data between itself and the outside world. The computer’s
operating environment consists of devices that serve as
either sources or destinations of data. When data are
received from or delivered to a device that is directly
connected to the computer, the process is known as input–
output (I/O), and the device is referred to as a peripheral.
- Control : It control these three functions. Ultimately, this
control is exercised by the individual(s) who provides the
computer with instructions. Within the computer, a control
unit manages the computer’s resources and the performance
of its functional parts in response to those instructions.
Functional View
Operations (a) Data movement
Operations (b) Storage
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Login
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory
Thank you !!!

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