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Experiment 2: Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Physical Sciences Py142: Engineering Physics - I

This document describes an experiment to verify Hooke's law. Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the force applied. The experiment uses a spring, weights, and a meter stick to measure the extension of the spring at increasing loads. A graph of extension vs. load should produce a linear relationship, from which the spring constant k can be calculated as k=Load/Extension. The spring constant k is also calculated using the period of oscillation T of the spring at different loads m and the equation k=4π2m/T2. The results should show k is constant, verifying Hooke's law. Sources of error and uncertainties in measurements are also examined.

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138 views19 pages

Experiment 2: Faculty of Applied Sciences Department of Physical Sciences Py142: Engineering Physics - I

This document describes an experiment to verify Hooke's law. Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the force applied. The experiment uses a spring, weights, and a meter stick to measure the extension of the spring at increasing loads. A graph of extension vs. load should produce a linear relationship, from which the spring constant k can be calculated as k=Load/Extension. The spring constant k is also calculated using the period of oscillation T of the spring at different loads m and the equation k=4π2m/T2. The results should show k is constant, verifying Hooke's law. Sources of error and uncertainties in measurements are also examined.

Uploaded by

Dev Halvawala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES


 
PY142: ENGINEERING PHYSICS - I

Experiment 2
To verify the Hooke’s law
Experiment : To verify the Hooke’s law

Objectives
To verify the Hooke’s law.
Apparatus
Hooke’s law apparatus (mirror scale, spring, slotted weights with hanger and pointer,
complete tripod stand), Digital stop watch.
Pictorial Diagram Hook’s Law Set up
Hooke’s Law

In the 1600s, a scientist


called Robert Hooke
discovered a law for elastic
materials.

Hooke's achievements
were extraordinary - he
made the first powerful
microscope and wrote the
first scientific best- seller,
Micrographia.
Hooke's Law, elastic and plastic behaviour
• If a material returns to its original size and shape when
you remove the forces stretching it we say that the
material - elastic behaviour.

• A plastic (or inelastic) material is one that stays


deformed after you have taken the force away - plastic
behaviour.

• If you apply too big a force a material will lose its


elasticity.

• Hooke discovered that the amount a spring stretches is


proportional to the amount of force applied to it. This means if
you double the force its extension will double, if you triple
the force the extension will triple and so on.
Hooke’s Law

• Hooke's Law gives the


relationship between the
force applied to an
unstretched spring and the
amount the spring is
stretched
• Hooke's Law states:-
the extension is
proportional to the force
• the spring will go back to
its original length when
the force is removed
• so long as we don't
exceed the elastic limit.
Hooke’s Law

F= -k x
 F = restoring force of spring
 x = the distance that the spring has been
stretch or compressed from equilibrium
 k = the spring constant
 (-) = force acts in opposite direction of the
displacement
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law
K = Spring Constant?
• The spring constant measures how stiff the spring is.
• The larger the spring constant the stiffer the spring.
• You may be able to see this by looking at the graphs below:

k is measured in units of newtons per metre (Nm -1).


Hooke’s Law

Example
• A spring is 0.38m long.

• When it is pulled by a force of 2.0 N, it stretches to


0.42 m.

• What is the spring constant? (Assume the spring


behaves elastically.)

Extension, x = Stretched length – Original length


= 0.42m – 0.38m
= 0.04 m
F=K*x
2.0 N = K * 0.04 m
K = 50 N / m
Hooke’s Law
Key Definitions

• Hooke’s Law = The amount a


spring stretches is proportional
to the amount of force applied to
it.

• The spring constant measures


how stiff the spring is. The
larger the spring constant the
stiffer the spring.

• A Diagram to show Hooke’s


Law
Experiment : Hooke’s Law
Procedure
1. Arrange a spring AB, a pointer P and a vertical scale as shown in Fig. 1.
2. Attach the weights on the hanger gradually and note down the scale reading correspondingly
in Table-I.
3. Plot the graph between extension (scale readings) versus load for the spring. By taking
extension on X-axis & load on Y-axis.
4. The graph of these data is expected to be linear as shown in Fig. 2.
5. Deduce the force constant k from the relation k = Load / Extension
6. Now determine the period of oscillation T with the help of Digital Stop Clock when
different loads are attached on the hanger in Table- II. Let m be the mass of the load. Using
this relation, compute k for the different m versus T data. Check if k comes out constant, and
check if its value agrees with that obtained from equation (1). For low m values, there may
be a serious departure.
7. In case the spring deviates from hook's laws but is elastic the k deduced in step 6 should match the
corresponding k deduced in step 5, assuming small amplitude oscillations are used to get T.
Experiment : Understanding Errors and
Uncertainties in the measurements

Spring
constant (k)
Results : Hooke’s Law

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