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Institutiona L Correction: Prepared By: John Patrick de Jesus

Institutional corrections refers to the confinement and rehabilitation of convicted criminals. It involves established organizations that punish criminal behavior while aiming to reform offenders. Historically, punishments were extremely harsh and focused on retribution rather than rehabilitation. Over time, theories of deterrence, rehabilitation, and reintegration emerged. Modern correctional systems developed prisons and introduced concepts like solitary confinement, parole, and probation to both punish crimes and reform offenders.

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271 views

Institutiona L Correction: Prepared By: John Patrick de Jesus

Institutional corrections refers to the confinement and rehabilitation of convicted criminals. It involves established organizations that punish criminal behavior while aiming to reform offenders. Historically, punishments were extremely harsh and focused on retribution rather than rehabilitation. Over time, theories of deterrence, rehabilitation, and reintegration emerged. Modern correctional systems developed prisons and introduced concepts like solitary confinement, parole, and probation to both punish crimes and reform offenders.

Uploaded by

Johnpatrick Dejesus
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INSTITUTIONA

L CORRECTION

Prepared by: John Patrick De Jesus


PHILIPPINE CRIMINAL JUSTICE
SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
• The system has 5 distinct but coordinated
components; namely:
• Law enforcement
• Prosecution
• Court
• Correction
• Community
DEFINITION:
IN GENERAL :
• INSTITUTION – Is an established organization

• CORRECTION – The act of correcting something.


the act or process of punishing and changing the
behavior of people who have committed crimes.
• INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTIONS
• is a established organization
punishing and changing the behavior
of people who have committed
crimes
LEGAL
DEFINITION
INSTITUTIONAL
CORRECTIONS:
• it is a institution for confinement
of a person who found guilty in
the commission of their offense
and for those a waiting for trial.
CORRECTION
• Branch of administration of criminal
justice system charge with the
responsibility for the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of
convicted offenders.
CORRECTION AS A
PROCESS
• It is the orientation of the criminal offenders
to prevent them from repeating their
delinquent action without the necessity of
taking punitive action, but rather an
introduction of individual measures for
reformation.
CORRECTIONS: ITS
ROLE, OBJECTIVE OR
PURPOSE
• Corrections occupy the fourth pillar of the criminal
justice system, which is mandated to provide an effective
and humane treatment, reform and rehabilitation
programs in accordance with the rules set forth by the
Constitution of UN Rules and Standard for the
Prevention of Crime and Treatment and Rehabilitation of
Offenders in the Philippines.
• The Bureau of Correction (BUCOR) and the Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) under the
auspices of the Department of Justice and Department of
Interior an Local Government, respectively, are
principally charged for the implementation of the
correctional services operating within the domain of the
criminal administration.
THE EARLY CODE
CODE OF HAMMURABI
• Provides the first comprehensive view of
the laws known for its harsh and cruel
penalties characterized by the “law of
Talion” (eye for an eye, tooth for a
tooth).
HAMMURABI
King of Babylon the first
recorded codifier of laws.
DEUTERONOMY

• The fifth of the Holy Bible which


contains the basis of the Jewish Laws
these laws were in the form of a
covenant between God and the people of
Israel.
• Mosaic law begins with Commandments
but includes the significant number of
additional laws and rules set out in the first
five books of the Old Testament. In Jewish
law, these first five books (Genesis, Exodus,
Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy) are
known as Torah; to Jewish people,
synonymous with "law"
CODE OF DRACON
• The code that is considered the ultimate
in severity formulated by Draco, an
Athenian Lawgiver known for the
severity of his punishment.
CODE OF SALON
• The appointed archon in Athens who repealed all the
laws of Draco except the law on homicide.
• during his time, he was the one first proposed that a
lawgiver had to make laws that applied equality to
all citizens and
• He also saw that the law of punishment had to
maintain proportionality to the crimes of which
offenders were convicted.
• Twelve Tables of Rome-written when Rome
was in transition from being a Kingdom to a
Republic and the foundation of all laws in
Rome.
CODE OF KALANTIAW

• You shall not kill, neither shall you steal,


neither shall you do harm to the aged, lest you
incur the danger of death.

• All those who infringe this order shall be


condemned to death by being drowned in the
river, or in boiling water.
EARLY FORMS OF
PUNISHMENT
• During the early development of civilization,
people believe that when person commits a
crime he is being possessed by demons.

• The system is being focused to cast out the


demon inside the person’s body. This was the
very cause he committed a crime. The
following methods were used:
PUNGENT POISON

When an individuals commits a crime they let the


person drink a pungent poison to drive away the evil
spirit inside his body which leads him in the
commission of crime.
GROTESQUES MASK

They wear a grotesques mask and they dance


around the person who commits a crime order
to drive out the spirit in his body.
BANISHMENT

• When a person commits a crime he will


be rejected by the community for him to
influence other to commit crime, if he
refuse to depart in his community he will
be killed.
STONING

• A form of execution where the


condemned person is pelted with the
stone until his death.
BURNING AT STAKE

A form of execution where the


condemned person is tied in a pole
and then set on fire alive.
FEEDING ON THE LION

• A form of execution where the


condemned person is thrown in
lion`s den and eaten alive by a lions.
GALLOWS/HANGING
• Public hanging of condemned person
practiced in England.
GARROTE
An iron collar attached upon a scaffold the
condemned person is seated on an improvised
chair with both hands and feet tied and the neck
clamped by the iron collar the iron collar is
slowly tightened until the condemned person
dies.
GUILLOTINE
A device used for beheading condemned
persons develop by Dr. Joseph Ignacio
Guillotin, a member of the French National
Assembly.
MUSKETRY/FIRE SQUAD
• The condemned person is blindfolded with
hands tied at the back and shot in public by a
firing squad composed of several shooters.
PUBLIC HUMILIATION
It gives an opportunity of the numbers of the community to
take its vengeance. Offenders are sent to the stocks or pillory
found themselves captive and on public display. They will be
heckled and spit upon by passer by. Other citizen might gather
to throw tomatoes and rotten eggs.
MODERN THEORIES OF
PUNISHMENT
RETRIBUTION
THEORIES
• Punishment as payment of misdeed.

• Contends that the offenders must be


punished for the crime he committed
because he deserves it.
DETERRENCE
THEORIES
• It is commonly believe that punishment
gives lesson to the offender: that it
shows others what would happen if they
violate the law.
REHABILITATION
THEORIES
• Treatment by means of therapy,
vocational training, educational training
and counselling to help convicted
offenders to change and adjust to society
after service of sentence.
INCAPACITATION THEORIES

• Controlling the behaviour of an


offender so that he or she is
incapable of offending again.
REINTEGRATION
THEORIES
• The process of preparing convicted
offenders with their re-entry into the
community after service of sentence.
HISTORY

DEVELOPMENT OF
MODERN CORRECTIONAL
SYSTEM
FIRST PRISON IN
EUROPE
• In 1166 A.D. Assize of Clarendon (Constitution of Clarendon)
constructed the first facility designed only for public
imprisonment. This facility was known as Gaol (known as jail
today). The gaol was being managed by the Shire Reeve.
• The famous gaol in Europe was the New Gate Gaol of London.
The New Gate is dark and gloomy in its cells poorly ventilate
water supply and most of the prisoner during the time could
easily get diseases due to its condition. Prisoners don’t have
any bed they just lay down on the pavement.
NEW GATE GAOL OF
LONDON
PRISON SYSTEM IN
AMERICA
THE PENNSYLVANIA
SYSTEM
• William Penn, the governor of the state of
Pennsylvania.
• confinement of prisoner in single cell at
day and night or permitted inmates to
work in their cell even while working
prisoners were not allowed to
communicate with one another.
WILLIAM PENN
THE AUBURN SYSTEM
• Adopt the silence labor of Pennsylvanian
system
• Auburn introduced the congregate prison
in silent system.
• Younger offenders were permitted to work
and eat in groups but they were not
allowed to talk each other.
MODERN
PRISON
SYSTEM
MARK SYSTEM OR PROGRESSIVE
HUMANE SYSTEM
• Introduce by Alexander Maconochie Superintendent of Norfolk
Island Penal Colony in Australia system which punishment of
one’s crime committed was still maintained but, a process of
reform where provided to the offenders.
• Prisoners were encouraged for good behavior for them to gain
incentives that would lead to their early release. This concept
was called the “Mark System” which became the forerunner of
Good conduct and Time Allowance and Parole System and
Maconochie gained the title “Father of Parole”.
Alexander
Maconochie
IRISH SYSTEM
TICKET OF LEAVE
• On 1854, Sir Walter Crofton established the
Irish System concept of ticket-of-leave
system. Where offenders could earn their early
release by stages:
• First stage, Stage solitary confinement for nine
months at a certain prisoners with reduce diet
• Second stage, they were assigned to spike
island where they work on public works
projects.
• Third stage, prisoners were assigned in field
units in which they worked directly to the
community projects with unarmed guards
supervising them.
• Fourth stage, prisoners worked in the
community without supervision, moving freely
between prisons and the community.
• Fifth stage, prisoners who were able to follow
the stages successfully were awarded the
“ticket of leave”.
SIR WALTER CROFTON
• Irish system, penal method originated in the early 1850s by Sir
Walter Crofton. Modeled after Alexander Maconochie’s mark system, it
emphasized training and performance as the instruments of reform. The
Irish system consisted of three phases: a period of solitary confinement;
a period of congregate work, in which the prisoner advanced to higher
levels by credits, or “marks,” earned for industry and good behaviour;
and, finally, a period in “intermediate prisons” with minimal
supervision, during which the prisoner demonstrated his dependability
and employability in the outside world. Release was conditional upon
the continued good conduct of the offender, who could be returned to
prison if it seemed advisable. Prisoners deemed eligible for release were
issued “tickets of leave” and put under the supervision of an inspector
who verified employment status and conducted periodic visits to their
new places of residence. With its emphasis on conditional release and its
use of tickets of leave, the Irish system influenced the development of
parole.
THE ELMIRA REFORMATORY

In 1876, the first reformatory institution was opened in


Elmira, New York. The Elmira reformatory was under
direction of Zebulon Brockway. Zebulon Brockway
introduced the enlightened approaches to the prisoners
but still maintains strong mine of the prisoners. These
include:

• Classification of prisoners according to their behavior.


• A regular exercise
• Vocational training
• Classification of prisoners according to their
behavior.
• A regular exercise
• Vocational training
IMPORTANT PERSONALITY
IN PENOLOGY
• Was one of the prisoners to
advocate a change of
punishment. JOHN HOWARD

• Howard who former prisoner


and was released through
parole became the first
English prison reformer as he
was then appointed sheriff of
Bedford Shire a local gaol in
England.
Howard visited other prison in England and America and after
evaluating the conditions of the prisoners, he came up with
prison concepts that:
• prisoners must be segregated according to sex age, and gravity
of their offense;
• the jailer or staff must be pain to prevent extortion to prisoners;
• a chaplain and a medical officer must be employed to address
the spiritual and medical needs of the prisoners;
• prisoners should be provided with clothing and food;
• liquor should be prohibited in jail;
• Howard then coined the word “Penitentiary” a concept that
rejects hard labor as a form of punishment.
Thank you for
Listening…..

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