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C Programming Basics: Mr. Ajay B. Kapase

This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses the evolution of programming languages from machine language to assembly language to high-level languages like C. It then covers the basics of C including its history, why it is used, applications, program structure, tokens, identifiers, keywords, and data types. The document is intended to give the reader a high-level introduction to programming in C.

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Ajay Kapase
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76 views28 pages

C Programming Basics: Mr. Ajay B. Kapase

This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses the evolution of programming languages from machine language to assembly language to high-level languages like C. It then covers the basics of C including its history, why it is used, applications, program structure, tokens, identifiers, keywords, and data types. The document is intended to give the reader a high-level introduction to programming in C.

Uploaded by

Ajay Kapase
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C programming Basics

Mr. Ajay B. Kapase


Evolution of Programming Languages
• Computer Program: set of instructions that the computer can
perform in order to perform some task.

• Programming: The process of creating a program is called


programming.

• The instructions must be given by following some rules just like


grammar makes up the programming language.
Evolution of Programming Language
• Machine Language:
• The limited set of instructions that a CPU can understand
directly is called machine code.
• sample instruction: 10110000 01100001

• Disadvantage:
• so hard for humans to read and understand
Evolution of Programming Language
• Assembly Language:
• each instruction is identified by a short abbreviation (rather
than a set of bits)
• We can use names and numbers
• Example: mov al, 061h

Assembly Lang. Machine Lang.


Assembler CPU
Evolution of Programming Language
• Drawbacks of Assembly Language:

• Lots of instructions to do even simple tasks.

• individual instructions are somewhat human readable,


understanding entire program is challenging.

• assembly language still isn’t very portable


Evolution of Programming Language
• High-level Languages:
• To address the readability and portability concerns.
• new programming languages such as C, C++, Java etc.
• Simple, highly portable, and readable
• int a = 97;
High-Level Languages
Three Types of Paradigms
• High-Level languages follows 3 types of Paradigms.
• Logic Oriented Programming
• Prolog

• Procedure Oriented Programming


• C, Qbasic etc.

• Object Oriented Programming


• C++, Java etc.
About
• What is C?
• History of C
• Why we use C
• Applications of C
What is C ?
• High Level programming language
• Used to write Computer Softwares / Programs
• Need of C programming language
History of C
• developed by Dennis Ritchie
• At bell labs (AT & T American Telephone & Telegraph) in 1972
• Successor of B language
• Invented to write UNIX operating system
• Entire UNIX O.S is written in C language.
Why Use C?
• C for Mother of all other higher level Programming languages.
• Considered as one of the Basic Programming Language.
• More close to hardware
• Direct access to memory via Pointers
• Faster performance
• Basic Structure
• Provides common syntax to other languages
• C++, Objective C, Golang ,Java etc.
Performance Comparison
Performance Comparison
Applications of C
• Creating Operating System.
• Used to write firmware for embedded applications
• Writing application software.
• Compilers and other system software written in C
• Most of the networking devices Routers, switches
Philosophy of Computer programming

Information Data
Process
Environmental Setup
• Editor
• IDE
• Compiler (cc, gcc, clang, turboc)

• Extension
• .c
C Program Structure:
First C Program (Hello World)
header file section (Preprocessor Section)
Global declaration section
main()
{
declaration part;
executable part;
}
user-defined functions()
{
}
Compilation and Execution

#include …
……………
…………….. Compiler Executable Machine
………………..
………………

C program (.c)
C Program Structure:
First C Program (Hello World)
• Preprocessor Directives
• Functions
• Variables
• Statements & Expressions
• Comments
Tokens
• Smallest elements in C program which are meaningful to compiler.
Tokens
• Example
printf("Hello, World!");
Individual Tokens
1. printf
2. (
3. “Hello, World”
4. )
5. ;
Identifiers
• Name given and used to identify any function or variable
• Rules
• Must start with alphabet (A - Z, a - z) or Underscore (_)
• Can be followed by zero or more alphabets/digits/underscore
• Special characters (@/$/% etc.) not allowed
• Case sensitive
• Example:
Keywords
• words are reserved by C
• Used as standard words in C
• Should not be used as an identifier
• C contains 32 keywords
C Keywords
Data Types in C
• Defines the type of data to be stored
• Used with variables
• Divided into two major types
• Primary / Basic / Built In data Type
• Secondary / data types (created from primary)
Data Types in C
Thank You

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