Complex Sentence
C. Relative/ Adjective Clauses
Relative clause is a sub clause (dependent clause) which functions as an adjective
(therefore it is also known as an adjective clause), which provides additional
information on a noun. A relative clause always starts with a 'relative pronoun'
which replaces a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun when several sentences are
combined.
(Relative Clause adalah a sub clause (dependent clause) yang berfungsi sebagai
adjective (karena itu dikenal juga sebagai adjective clause) yaitu memberi informasi
tambahan pada sebuah noun. Relative clause selalu dimulai dengan ‘relative
pronoun’ yang menggantikan noun, noun phrase, atau pronoun ketika beberapa
kalimat digabung)
Relative Pronoun diartikan dengan 'yang'
There are some kinds of Relatives Pronoun:
1. Relative pronoun who functions as subject
2. Relative pronoun who functions as object
3. Relative pronoun who functions as object of preposition
4. Relative pronoun who functions as position (Possessive relative pronoun)
5. Relative clauses of time, place and reason
• Relative pronoun meliputi:
• Who Untuk manusia Menggantikan subjek noun / pronoun (he, she, we, they)
• Whom Untuk manusia Menggantikan objek nouns / pronouns (him, her, us,
them)
• Whose Untuk manusia Menggantikan possessive nouns / pronouns (his, hers,
our, their)
• That Untuk manusia atau benda mati Dapat menjadi subjek atau objek
• Which Untuk benda mati Dapat menjadi subjek atau objek
• 1. Relative pronoun which functions as subject
Examples
• I like the person.
• The person was nice to me. The person=Subjek dalam kalimat ini
• I like the person who was nice to me. (Aku suka orang yang baik padaku.)
Who menggantikan the person yang subjek pada kalimat kedua di atas.
I hate the dog.
The dog bit me.
I hate the dog which bit me. (Aku benci anjing yang menggigitku.)
Which menggatikan benda yakni anjing dan bisa diganti dengan 'that'.
I hate the dog that bit me
That bisa dihilangkan sehingga menjadi I hate the dog biting me
I move to Bukittinggi.
It is home to the Bung Hatta Museum.
I move to Bukittinggi which is home to the Bung Hatta Museum.
Aku pindah ke Bukittinggi yang merupakan tempat di mana Museum Bung Hatta
berada.)
I like the paintings.
The paintings is hang in my bedroom.
I like the paintings that is hang in the my bedroom. (Aku suka lukisan yang dipajang
di kamar tidurku) ATAU
I like the paintings which is hang in my bedroom.
Which bisa dihilangkan sehingga menjadi I like the paintings hang in my bedroom.
. Chocolate, which many people adore, is fattening.
• People who are smart follow the rules.
• The wine that vintners produce in Tuscany is not cheap.
• She is the woman who works hard to support his only child.
• She is the woman working hard to support his only child.
• Tom, which is very cute, is my cat.
• (Tom, yang sangat manis, adalah kucing saya.)
• 2. Relative pronoun which functions as object
I like the bike.
My father gave me the bike. The bike adalah objek dalam kalimat ini
I like the bike which my father gave me. (Aku suka sepeda yang diberikan oleh
ayahku.)
The man whom you saw last night is my uncle.
It is the ring that I really like.
The woman whom you saw last night is my sister.
(Wanita yang kamu lihat tadi malam adalah saudara saya.)
It is the car that I really like.
(Ini mobil yang saya sangat sukai.)
Sometimes the relative pronoun which functions as object
is understood and not written in the sentence.
• Have you seen the book I lost?
• Have you seen the book [that] I lost?
• The teacher I had in fifth grade really inspired me.
• The teacher [whom] I had in fifth grade really inspired me.
3. Relative pronoun which functions as object of preposition
• New York is a city to which I have traveled many times. (Formal, correct)
• New York is a city which I have traveled to many times. (Correct)
• This is the problem for which there is no perfect solution. (Formal, correct)
• This is the problem which there is no perfect solution for. (Sounds uncommon)
• This movie was the sequel, which we had been waiting for. (Informal)
• This movie was the sequel for which we had been waiting. (Formal)
• Do you know the actor that Shelly is talking about? (Informal)
• Do you know the actor about whom Shelly is talking? (Formal) (Note that that
becomes whom or which.)
4. Relative pronoun which functions as position (Possessive relative pronoun)
Charlie has a friend whose daughter lives in China.
The blue short hair woman, whose bike had a flat tire, works as a waiter at
Wendy’s.
The man, whose car had a flat tire, works as an English Teacher.
(The man yang ban mobilnya kempes bekerja sebagai guru bahasa Inggris.)
5. Relative clauses of time, place and reason
• I can remember the time when cell phones didn’t exist.
• The reason why Sandra went to law school is that she didn’t want to be a
doctor.
• Jakarta is a city where I was growing up.
• I still remember the day when you fall asleep in the office’s meeting room.
• This is the reason why she leaves you with another man.
• Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born.
• (Bandar Lampung adalah kota dimana saya dilahirkan.)
• I still remember the day when we first met.
• (Saya masih ingat hari ketika kita pertama
• This pie chart shows the main reasons why customers leave your company.
Exercise:
Please choose the correct relative pronoun (where, when or why) to complete
the sentences below:
That is the bench ...... you and I were supposed to meet.
Six o'clock was the time ..... we were supposed to be there.
That is the reason ...... I couldn't meet you.
