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Papermaking Process Kuliah Tamu UISI

The document provides an overview of the papermaking process, which includes four main sections: stock preparation, stock approach, paper machine process, and properties of paper grades. Stock preparation involves preparing fiber stock by cleaning, refining, and mixing pulp and broke. Stock approach involves transporting and conditioning the fiber stock for the paper machine. The paper machine process uses a headbox to form a paper web, which is then pressed, dried, and wound on reels. Key steps include formation, pressing, drying, and winding.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
195 views51 pages

Papermaking Process Kuliah Tamu UISI

The document provides an overview of the papermaking process, which includes four main sections: stock preparation, stock approach, paper machine process, and properties of paper grades. Stock preparation involves preparing fiber stock by cleaning, refining, and mixing pulp and broke. Stock approach involves transporting and conditioning the fiber stock for the paper machine. The paper machine process uses a headbox to form a paper web, which is then pressed, dried, and wound on reels. Key steps include formation, pressing, drying, and winding.

Uploaded by

thoriqnovia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Papermaking

Overview General Process


Table of Content
• Section 1 : Paper grades & properties
• Section 2 : Stock preparation process
• Section 3 : Stock approach process
• Section 4 : Paper machine process
• Extra Section
Section 1

PAPER GRADES & PROPERTIES


Objective

• Mengetahui jenis-jenis kertas


• Mengetahui sifat-sifat kertas
Berdasarkan standard TAPPI TIS 0404-36, dibagi
menjadi 12 grade :
Paper Grades
Secara umum, grades 1. Uncoated groundwood
kertas dibagi menjadi 2. Coated groundwood
2 kategori : 3. Uncoated wood-free
1. Paper 4. Coated wood-free
2. Paper-board 5. Kraft paper
6. Bleached paperboard
7. Unbleached paperboard
8. Recycled paperboard
9. MG kraft specialties
10.Tissue
11.Market pulp
12.Others
Paper Menurut Biermann (1996), properties
kertas yang perlu diketahui :
Properties 1. Basic properties
Secara umum, a) Moisture Content
properties kertas 2. Physical properties
dibagi menjadi 3 a) Ream
kategori : b) Basis-weight / gramatur
1. Basic properties c) Caliper / thickness
2. Physical properties d) Density, bulkiness
e) Smoothness
3. Mechanical
f) Transport properties (water, air, vapor
properties etc.)
g) Wire-side, felt-side
h) Trim
i) Formation
3. Mechanical properties
Menurut Biermann (1996), properties
Cont’d… kertas yang perlu diketahui :
Paper Properties 1. Basic properties
Secara umum, 2. Physical properties
properties kertas j) Watermark
dibagi menjadi 3 k) Deckle
kategori : l) Finish & cockle
1. Basic properties m) Curl
2. Physical properties n) Sizing
o) Printability
3. Mechanical
properties 3. Mechanical properties
a) Fiber orientation (MD-CD)
b) Tensile strength
c) Breaking length
d) Burst strength
e) Edgewise compression strength
Menurut Biermann (1996), properties
Cont’d… kertas yang perlu diketahui :
Paper Properties 1. Basic properties
Secara umum, 2. Physical properties
properties kertas 3. Mechanical properties
dibagi menjadi 3 f) Strenght determination by sound
kategori : velocity
1. Basic properties g) Ring crush, concora, etc.
2. Physical properties h) Stiffness
i) Fold endurance
3. Mechanical
j) Abrasion
properties
k) Tear strength
l) Internal bond strenght
m) Friction coefficient
n) Wax pick
o) Others
Section 2

STOCK PREPARATION PROCESS


Objective

• Mengetahui apa itu stock preparation


• Mengetahui konsep proses stock preparation
secara umum
Process Block Diagram
O BA CaCO3 STARCH
LBKP Cleaner LBKP Refiner

LBKP LBKP LBKP MIXING MACHINE


LBKP Storage Tank Cleaner Chest Refiner Chest CHEST CHEST

Virgin Pulp Line To Stock


NBKP Cleaner NBKP Refiner Approach System

NBKP NBKP NBKP


NBKP Storage Tank Cleaner Chest Refiner Chest

Dry Broke Wet Broke


Thickener Chest Thickener Chest
Winder Trim
Pulper
Dry Broke Dry Broke Dry Broke Dry Broke Dry Broke Wet Broke
Buffer Tank Storage Tank Cleaner Screen Screen Chest Thickener Thickener

Calender Pit

Size Press Pit Dry Broke Reject Reject Screen / Broke Line
Deflaker Screen Chest Pack Pulper

Press Pit Sewer


Wet Broke
Storage Tank
Couch Pit
Breakdown Process

• Raw material preparation


• Re-pulping
• Cleaning
• Refining
• Broke processing
• Mixing
Raw Material
• LBKP (Leaf Bleached Kraft Pulp)
• NBKP (Needle Bleached Kraft Pulp)

Jenis Kayu Pemutihan Metode Cooking

• LUKP Average 20%


Extractive

Lignin 28%
Composition of

• NUKPHardwoods and
Softwoods
30% Hemicellulose 27%

• BCTMP 45% Cellulose 42%

• TMP Hardwoods Softwoods


PMO : SL -B13

• Etc.
Cont’d… Raw Material
• Fiber comparation
Re-pulping
• Mengubah pulp dry (bale) menjadi pulp slurry
dengan penambahan air

Parameter yang perlu diperhatikan adalah setting pulp consistency (%)


Cleaning
• Memisahkan pulp/fiber dengan contaminant
• Prinsip pemisahan berdasarkan berat jenis
• Equipment → High Density Cleaner & Low
Density Cleaner (Opsional)

Pulp slurry yang Inlet


masuk ke proses
cleaning harus
diencerkan dulu Centrifugal cleaners,
untuk separate by density
memaksimalkan
cleaning Reject
Refining
• Meningkatkan properties fiber dengan proses
mekanis
• Prinsip kerjanya dengan mengalirkan pulp slurry
diantara dua plat (stator & rotor) untuk
mendapatkan efek gesekan pada dinding fiber
• Equipment → Refiner
Cont’d… Refining
• Refining effect to fiber

Faktor penting refining


1. Gap pisau refining
2. Power applied → speed rotor terhadap stator
3. Flow stock (pulp slurry) ke refining machine
Broke Processing
• Mengolah kembali fiber loss dari mesin kertas
• Broke dibagi menjadi wet-broke & dry-broke
Mixing
• Mencampurkan raw material dari virgin pulp
line & broke system line
Virgin Pulp
Line

Broke Line
Part 3

STOCK APPROACH PROCESS


Objective

• Mengetahui apa itu stock approach


• Mengetahui konsep proses stock approach
secara umum
Process Diagram
Breakdown Process
• Storage
• Flow box / stuff box
• Silo (diluting)
• Fan Pump #1
• Cleaning
• Dearation
• Fan Pump #2
• Pressure screen
• Headbox
Flow box / Stuff box
• Menghomogenkan aliran, menjaga pressure
headbox
• Menggunakan prinsip overflow

Overflow

To Silo
Silo (Diluting)
• Mengencerkan stock dari stuff box
menggunakan white water yang berasal dari
mesin (proses dewatering di paper machine)
• Equipment → Silo tank
Silo Tank

Fan Pump #1
Fan Pump #1
• Mengalirkan stock dari silo ke cleaner & salah
satu injection point chemical additive
• Equipment → Fan pump

Beberapa chemical
additive ditambahkan
sebelum masuk fan
pump #1 :
1. CaCO3
2. Dyes
3. OBA
Cleaning Process
• Memisahkan contaminant berdasarkan berat
jenis
• Prinsip kerja menggunakan perbedaan
tekanan inlet dan outlet cleaner
• Equipment → Centrifugal Cleaner
Dearation
• Menghilangkan bubble yang ada di dalam
stock
• Prinsip kerja menggunakan vacuum suction
• Equipment → dearator / deculator
Fan Pump #2
• Mengalirkan stock dari deaerator ke pressure
screen
• Equipment → Fan Pump

Beberapa chemical
additive ditambahkan
setelah masuk fan
pump #2 :
1. Retention Aid
Screening
• Pemisahan contaminan berdasarkan ukuran
partikel
• Prinsip kerja menggunakan saringan (screen)
• Equipment → Pressure screen
Headbox
• Mendispersikan stock selebar wire (forming
section paper machine)
• Headbox adalah bagian awal dari paper machine
• Prinsip kerja menggunakan nozzle jet
Part 4

PAPER MACHINE PROCESS


Objective

• Mengetahui proses pembuatan kertas di


paper machine
• Mengetahui konsep proses paper machine
Process Diagram
FORMING PRESS PART DRYING REEL

WET-END PROCESS DRY-END PROCESS


Breakdown Process
• FORMING SECTION: HEADBOX & WIRE
• PRESS SECTION : PRESS PART
• DRYER SECTION : PRE-DRYER, SIZE PRESS,
& AFTER-DRYER
• REEL SECTION : CALENDER & POPE REEL
Forming Section
• Penganyaman serat → mengatur formasi serat
pada kertas
• Terjadi de-watering pada stock memanfaatkan
gravitasi dan sistem vacuum
Type Twin-wire
Wire Wire

Wire
Type Fourdrinier
Headbox Headbox
Cont’d… Forming Section
Press Section
• Mengeluarkan air dari kertas dengan
menggunakan sistem press
• Prinsipnya menggunakan tekanan roll
terhadap kertas
3P

2P

1P
4P
Cont’d… Press Section
Dryer Section
• Mengeluarkan sisa air di kertas menggunakan
metode pengeringan kontak langsung
• Equipment → Cylinder Dryer/Drum Dryer

4D 3D D2 1D
Cont’d… Dryer Section
Reel Section
• Proses akhir kertas setelah kering,
penggulungan menjadi jumbo roll
• Sebelum penggulungan kertas diperhalus
permukaannya dengan calender press

Calender Press Pope Reel


Summary
EXTRA SECTION !!!

COATING PROCESS
Coating Process
What ? Why ?
• Proses coating adalah • Beberapa properties tidak
proses menambahkan bisa didapatkan ataupun
lapisan tertentu pada kurang maksimal
permukaan kertas untuk didapatkan pada proses
mendapatkan properties papermaking di paper
tambahan yang diinginkan machine
Cont’d… Coating Process
How ?
• Dengan film coating : • Dengan blade coating :

• Dengan contactless coating :


No coating vs Coated
Main Composition Coating Liquid
• Pigment : komponen utama coating
• Binder : pengikat pigment-pigment
dan pigment-kertas
• Additive : chemical-chemical lain yang
memberi sifat pada coating
seperti rheology, water retention
dsb.
Daftar Pustaka
• Holik, Herbert. 2013. Handbook of Paper and
Board. Germany
• Biermann, Cristopher. 1996. Handbook of
Pulping and Papermaking. U.S. America
• Smook, Gerry. 2002. Handbook for Pulp and
Paper Technologist. Canada
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Semoga Bermanfaat

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