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The Cellular Basis of Life: Cell Structure and Functions

The document summarizes the structure and functions of typical animal and plant cells. It describes the three basic cell parts - cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It then discusses the structures found within these parts, including organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes. It also covers cell reproduction processes like mitosis and the roles of centrioles and the spindle during cell division.

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Jamil Samira E. Buizon
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50 views48 pages

The Cellular Basis of Life: Cell Structure and Functions

The document summarizes the structure and functions of typical animal and plant cells. It describes the three basic cell parts - cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. It then discusses the structures found within these parts, including organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes. It also covers cell reproduction processes like mitosis and the roles of centrioles and the spindle during cell division.

Uploaded by

Jamil Samira E. Buizon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 48

THE CELLULAR BASIS

OF LIFE
Cell Structure and Functions
2

“Typical” Animal Cell


3

“Typical” Plant Cell


4

Three Basic Cells Parts

1.Cell Membrane
2.Cytoplasm
3.Nucleus
SURROUNDING
THE CELL
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
6

Cell Membrane
• Outer
membrane of
cell
• Gives shape
• Controls the
movement of
materials in and
out of the cell -
SEMIPERMEAB
LE
• Double layer
7

Cell Wall
• Found in
plant cells &
bacteria
• Supports &
protects
cells
8
INSIDE THE
CELL
Nucleus
Nucleolus
10

Nucleus
11

Nucleus
• Control cell
activities
Growth
Reproduction
13

PARTS FOUND IN
THE NUCLEUS
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Chromosome
14

Nuclear Membrane
• Surrounds
nucleus
• Made of two
layers
• Openings allow
material to enter
and leave
nucleus
15

Nucleolus
Found
inside the
nucleus
Helps to
make
ribosomes
16

Chromosomes

• Made of DNA
• Contain
instructions
for traits &
characteristics
17
18
19

Cytoplasm
Clear and jelly-like material
that makes up most cells
Made up of water and other
materials
Part where chemical
reactions take place
20

Cell Organelles
Little organs
found in the
cytoplasm
21

Vacuoles
Liquid- filled
spaces in cell
Store food, water,
minerals until the
cells are ready to
use them
Store waste
22

Ribosomes

•carry out protein synthesis


Endomembrane System
• regulates protein traffic and performs
metabolic functions in cell
• which includes the
• nuclear envelope,
• the endoplasmic reticulum,
• the Golgi apparatus,
• lysosomes,
• various kinds of vesicles and vacuoles, and
• the plasma membrane
25

Endoplasmic Reticulum

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
SMOOTH ER
• processes include
synthesis of lipids,
• metabolism of
carbohydrates,
• detoxification of drugs
and poisons, and
• storage of calcium ions.
Rough ER
• is found throughout the cell but the density
is higher near the nucleus and the Golgi
apparatus.
• Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic
reticulum are called 'membrane bound'
and are responsible for the assembly of
many proteins. 
28

Endoplasmic
Reticulum
•Connects the cell membrane
and the nuclear membrane
•Moves materials around in
cell
29

Types of ER
• Smooth ER does
not have
ribosomes
• Rough ER has
ribosomes
30

Centrioles
• Parts that help in the
cell reproduction
• Helps the
chromosomes
arrange themselves
so that new cells
receives one
complete set of
chromosomes
31

Sketch The Spindle


32

Review of Mitosis
33

Prophase
ANAPHASE

METAPHASE TELOPHASE
34

Golgi Bodies
Protein
'packaging
plant‘ of cells.
Move materials
within and out
of the cell
36

Lysosome
• Contain enzymes
• Digestive 'plant'
for proteins, fats,
and
carbohydrates
• Destroy old cells
39

Mitochondria
• Produce energy
when food is
broken down
• “POWERHOU
SE OF
CELLS”
41

Chloroplast
usually found in
plant cells
contains
chlorophyll
where
photosynthesis
takes place
44

Cytoskeleton
Internal or
cellular
framework
of the cell
2 KINDS OF
CELLS
47

Eukaryotic
• Contain nucleus surrounded by
membranes
• Most living organisms
48

Prokaryotic
• Cells with a
nucleus not
bounded by
a nuclear
membrane
• Bacteria

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