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Ch.1 Number Patterns

1) The passage discusses arithmetic sequences and series. It provides examples and formulas to find specific terms and sums of arithmetic sequences and series. 2) The key formulas introduced are: an = a1 + (n - 1)d to find the nth term of an arithmetic sequence Sn = (a1 + an)n/2 to find the partial sum of an arithmetic series 3) As an example, it is shown that the 15th term of an arithmetic sequence where a1 = 5 and d = 2 is 33.

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49 views

Ch.1 Number Patterns

1) The passage discusses arithmetic sequences and series. It provides examples and formulas to find specific terms and sums of arithmetic sequences and series. 2) The key formulas introduced are: an = a1 + (n - 1)d to find the nth term of an arithmetic sequence Sn = (a1 + an)n/2 to find the partial sum of an arithmetic series 3) As an example, it is shown that the 15th term of an arithmetic sequence where a1 = 5 and d = 2 is 33.

Uploaded by

St Mukarramah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Warm Up

1)Simplify the formula:


a = 5 + (n-1)6

2)Solve the system:


2x + y = 9
9x + 4y = 10
Mathematics Grade VIII
CHAPTER I

NUMBER PATTERNS

St. Mukarramah
Sequences and
Series
Sequence

• There are 2 types of Sequences


Arithmetic:
You add a common difference each
time.
Geometric:
You multiply a common ratio each
time.
Arithmetic Sequences
Example:
• {2, 5, 8, 11, 14, ...}
Add 3 each time
• {0, 4, 8, 12, 16, ...}
Add 4 each time
• {2, -1, -4, -7, -10, ...}
Add –3 each time
Arithmetic Sequences
• Find the 7th term of the sequence:
2,5,8,…
Determine the pattern:
Add 3 (known as the common difference)
Write the new sequence:
2,5,8,11,14,17,20

So the 7thnumber is 20
Arithmetic Sequences

• When you want to find a large


sequence, this process is long and
there is great room for error.
• To find the 20th, 45th, etc. term use the
following formula:
an = a1 + (n -
1)d
Arithmetic Sequences
an = a1 + (n -
1)d
Where:
a1 is the first number in the sequence
n is the number of the term you are
looking for
d is the common difference
an is the value of the term you are
looking for
Arithmetic Sequences
• Find the 15th term of the sequence:
34, 23, 12,…
Using the formula an = a1 + (n - 1)d,
a1 = 34
d = -11
n = 15

an = 34 + (n-1)(-11) = -11n + 45

a15 = -11(15) + 45

a15 = -120
Arithmetic Sequences

Melanie is starting to train for a swim


meet. She begins by swimming 5 laps
per day for a week. Each week she
plans to increase her number of daily
laps by 2. How many laps per day will
she swim during the 15th week of
training?
Arithmetic Sequences
• What do you know?
an = a1
+ (n - 1)d

a1 = 5
d= 2
n= 15
t15= ?
Arithmetic Sequences

• tn = t1 + (n -
• 1)d tn = 5 +
• (n - 1)2
• t = 2n + 3
n

•
t15 = 2(15) + 3
During the 15th week she will swim 33 laps per
t15 = 33
day.
Arithmetic Series
• The sum of the terms in a sequence are
called a series.
• There are two methods used to find
arithmetic series:
Formula
Sigma Notation
Arithmetic Series
Sequence Sum Average
2, 5, 8, 40 8
11, 14
1, 8, 15, 46 23/2
22
-1,1, 3 3 1
Arithmetic Series
 a1  a n 
Sn   
n  2 
• a1 = first term
• n = number of terms
• an = value of the nth term
In many problems, you will first have to
use the arithmetic sequence
formula.
Arithmetic Series
• Find the sum of the first forty terms in
an arithmetic series in which t1 = 70 and
d = -21
So:
• n = 40
• a1 = 70
• an = ?
• Sn = ?
Arithmetic Series

Use the sequence formula to find t40.


an = 70 + (n - 1)(-21)
an = -21n +
91 a40= -749
Arithmetic Series

• Now use the series formula:


S40 = 40 [(70 + -749)/2]
S40 = 40(-339.5)
S40 = -13,580

So the sum of the first 40 terms is


-13,580
Arithmetic Series
• Find a formula for the partial sum of this
series:
1+3+5+....+(2n-5)+(2n-3)+(2n-1)
 a1  n 
Sn   
a
 2 
n
S n  n  1 2n 1
 2 
 Sn  n 2

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