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Time Study: Subject: Work Study Ranjan Kumar Saha Associate Professor, NIFT-Mumbai

Time study involves dividing operations into elements, observing and timing operators performing each element over multiple cycles, calculating average times, applying ratings to determine basic times, and adding allowances to determine standard times. This allows for allocation of work, costing, production planning, capacity analysis, and manpower planning. Key steps are element selection, timing, rating comparison to a mental concept of normal performance, and calculation of basic and standard times. Quality must be ensured before conducting time studies.

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Ishika
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85 views

Time Study: Subject: Work Study Ranjan Kumar Saha Associate Professor, NIFT-Mumbai

Time study involves dividing operations into elements, observing and timing operators performing each element over multiple cycles, calculating average times, applying ratings to determine basic times, and adding allowances to determine standard times. This allows for allocation of work, costing, production planning, capacity analysis, and manpower planning. Key steps are element selection, timing, rating comparison to a mental concept of normal performance, and calculation of basic and standard times. Quality must be ensured before conducting time studies.

Uploaded by

Ishika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Time Study

Subject: Work Study


Ranjan Kumar Saha
Associate Professor, NIFT-Mumbai.
SOME USES OF TIME STUDY INFORMATIONS

• Allocation of work volume and piece rate to operators.

• Costing calculation: If we can find out how long it takes to


perform the job, we can find out the total time and the cost
of manufacturing a product. So the sales price of the product
can be determined.
 
• Production capacity: By knowing how many units one
person can produce , we can find out from our machine
capacity in factory , how many days we require to execute
the total order.
SOME USES OF TIME STUDY INFORMATIONS

• Machine requirements: The total number of machines require to


complete the job in a particular period can be determined , if we
know the output from one machine.

• Manpower planning: By knowing how many units one person can


produce , it can be determined how many people are needed to
produce a given volume.

• Production planning: Time study enables us to know the


production capacity of a manufacturing plant , and thus enables
us to take decision as to how much volume to load into a plant can
be made.
TIME STUDY PROCEDURE:

• 1)Select a specific operation , which need to do time study.


 
• 2) The operation need to be split into elements. While doing so , we need to be
very careful for the breakpoints.

• (BASIC DEFINATIONS & TERMINOLOGY:


• “ELEMENTS” are the small components into which an operation is divided for time study
purpose. They are selected for convenience of observation , measurement and analysis.

• A “BREAK POINT” marks the end of one of the element and the beginning of another . It is very
important to have clearly defined breakpoints between elements to make it easier to time them.

• The total of all the elements in an operation represents the “OPERATION CYCLE”
• The “operation cycle time” is the time from one point on one garment to the same point on the
next garment.
TIME STUDY PROCEDURE:
• 3) Give each element a title and write them down
in sequence in the time study sheet.

• 4) When first learning time study , it is best to


concentrate on one element at a time.
•
• 5) Use the stop watch to measure 25cycle time
of the operator. i.e. the record of the same
element should be at least 25 times.
TIME STUDY PROCEDURE:
• Eliminate the cycle time which get affected by
factors beyond the control of the operator.
 
• Average the selected element times. This gives
the “Average element time”.

• Multiply the average element time by the rating.


This gives us the “Basic time” or the “Normal
time” for the element.
TIME STUDY PROCEDURE:
• Add the basic time for all the element . This gives
us the Basic time for the Operation.

• Add ALLOWANCES , i.e. Personal and Fatigue and


Delay allowance to the “basic time” of the
operation.

• Finally we got the “standard time” for the


operation.
Operation are divided into elements for the following reasons.

  It permits comparison of the same piece of work in different


cycles of the operation.

• Operators may work at different speeds at different parts of


the work cycle. Division into elements enables these to
graded accordingly. This point is particularly significant where
some of the elements are wholly machine controlled, while in
others the operator is the controlling factor.

• Standard elements occurring on more than one operation ,


can be identified and used to build up a time for another job.
Elements should be :

• Elements should be Clearly and fully described on


the study sheet.

• Select break points so that they can be easily


recognized.

• Elements should not be too short to make timing


difficult and not too long to permit operators
rating to vary.
RATING:

The concept of “Rating” (which is known as “grading” in USA) is the basic fundamental of
time study. Rating is an extremely difficult skill to acquire and keep. It is through practice
and experience this skill can be acquired. A work study officer carrying out a study for the
purpose of setting rates for payments purpose must be exact with his rating to +&- 5%.

• For the studies done by non practitioners , a standard of +&- 20% variation can occur in
rating .
 

• “Rating” is the process used by the industrial engineer , to compare the actual performance
of the operator with his/her mental concept of normal performance.
• The rating is the numerical value used to denote the rate of working.

• So during the time study,


• Observed time of a operation x observed rating = Basic time or Normal time .
Some informations on Time study:

• Do not stand in front of the operator . Stand in a


less discomforting position , such as off to the side
or in the back.
 
• Be cordial and polite , but do not talk
unnecessarily to the operator.
 
• Never sit down during a time study.
 
Some informations on Time study:

• Always calculate the time study results


immediately after the data gathering .
 
• Controversy over rating arises from a
misunderstanding of what is being rated. An
operators timing can vary only if ,
• He/she varies her pace of work.
• Varies her method . Method includes the motion
pattern ,no. of motions and inter motional delays.
Some informations on Time study:

• when studying , the observer notes the speed at which the


operator performs , and compares this mentally with the concept
of the standard pace at which an operator would work if motivated
to apply herself and is free from fatigue(100% operator).

• The time study engineer should

• have a mental concept of the 100% operator.

• Recognize deviation from the 100% pace and be able to put a


relative value onto it.
Some informations on Time study:

• Before starting a study the engineer must ensure that he


understands the correct motion for the operation , and then
checks that the operator is using them.
•  
• The quality supervisor or in –line inspector should check the
bundle before time study.
• This ensures that the time standard is not established on an
unsatisfactory quality standard.
•  
• Those element time which we fail to record properly ,
• need to be circled on the time study sheet.

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