Matter and Its Properties

Module 1
 01
Objective Use properties of matter to identify substances and to
separate them

s
02
Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances

03
Compare consumer products on the basis of their
components for use, safety, quality, and cost.

04
Describe various simple separation techniques such as
distillation, chromatography
 Matter is everywhere. It has mass,
What is matter and volume. The things you use in
your classes such as pen, paper,
made of? uniform, ID, watch, board, and
cellphone are forms of matter. The
cells that make up your body and
your DNA, the rocks and Earth’s
core, and the drugs and silicon chips
used by humans are all made up of
matter. Thus, chemistry is considered
as central to science and other fields.
 Three Phases of Matter
Matter is made of particles that give its mass
and volume. The arrangement and attraction
between these particles result in different
phases of matter. Matter can exist as solid,
liquid, or gas. How can you differentiate one
from another?

GAS SOLID

LIQUI
 PHASE
TRANSITION

CO
N

ND
IO

EN
AT

ON

EV

SA
IM

AP
BL

TIO
SIT
SU

OR

N
PO

AT
DE

IO
N
MELTING

FREEZING
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL Physical Properties
PROPERTIES OF MATTER Properties that can be measured and observed
without changing the material,s chemical
Humans can easily observe an acquaintance’s
face structure, hair color, height, and other composition. This includes the properties that
characteristics. But as more time spent with a you easily identify just by mere observation
person, the innate characteristics start to reveal.
such as the appearance, color, texture, and
You can also applu the same concept to matter.
Matter can also be classified according to its odor of the material. Other physical
observed properties. The two types of properties of matter are melting point, boiling
properties associated with matter are physical
point, solubility, and the density of the
and chemical properties.
material.
Chemical Properties
On the other hand, this describe a material’s possibility to undergo chemical
change in its chemical composition. Examples of chemical properties include
flammability, toxicity, reactivity to water and oxygen like rusting, heat of
combustion, pH, enthalpy of formation, oxidation states, chemical stability, salt
formation, and types of chemical bonds a material forms.
 Intensive Properties
Are substance-specific properties that do not depend on
the amount of the substance. One example of this
property is the density of water. If you put different
amounts of water in three different size of cups, the
Intensive density of water will still be the same. Other intensive
properties include color, luster, malleability, conductivity,
and hardness, melting point, freezing point and boiling point
of the material

Extensive Extensive Properties

Properties Properties that do depend on the amount of the substance of
the material. Whenever the amount of the substance
changes, the substance’s extensive properties also change.
One illustration of this property is the mass of table salt. As
you put more salt into a container, the mass of the salt also
changes. That is an example of an extensive property. Aside
from the mass, other extensive physical properties are
weight, volume, and length.
What I have
learned so far?
The Philippines has a big reserves of gold (Au), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni). In 2014, big deposits of palladium
(Pd) were found in Negros, Panay, and Romblon islands. Given below are the properties of two of these
metals. Identify each property as physical-intensive, physical-extensive, or chemical.

Palladium
1. Solid physical-intensive
2. Boiling point: 2927 ̊C physical-intensive
3. Forms salts chemical
4. Functions as a catalyst chemical
5. density:11.9g/cm3 physical-intensive
6. Silvery white color physical-intensive

Gold
7. Melting point:1338K physical-intensive
8. Heat of fusion=12.7kJ/mol physical-intensive
9. 2.5g physical-intensive
10. Heat of vaporization=324.4kJ/mol physical-intensive
Reflect Upon

Constants such as boiling point and

freezing point are intensive
properties. Can you think of
intensive characteristics or values
that best describe your family- those
that are constant or unchangeable?
CLASSIFICATION OF
MATTER

MATTER

Pure Impure Substances

Substances (Mixtures)

Elements Compounds
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Mixtures Mixtures

metals nonmetal metalloids Noble

s gases
Pure Substances and
Mixtures
Matter, whether it is solid, liquid, or gas, is classified as a pure substance or a mixture. If
the components of matter can be separated by physical means, then that is a mixture.
Anything that cannot be broken down through physical means is a pure substance. A pure
substance can be classified as an element or a compound. If a pure substance can be
broken down into simpler forms using chemical means, you are dealing with a compound.
If cannot be simplified, then it is an element.

Atoms of an Molecules of Molecules of a Mixture of

element an element compound elements and
compounds
Mixtures can be homogeneous such as solutions or heterogeneous
such as suspensions and colloids.

Homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has uniform

composition all throughout, whereas heterogeneous mixture
has at least two different phases of matter or visible components.
Elements and Compounds
Pure substances, such as iron filings and salt, have distinct and
uniform compositions that cannot be physically separated. Pure
substances can be classified into two, elements and compounds. An
element, the simplest pure substance that makes up matter, is
made up of only one kind of atom. An element cannot be broken down
into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means. An
atom, which means indivisible particle, is the basic unit of an
element. A compound, on the other hand, is made up of two or
three more different kinds of atoms chemically combined.
 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Mixtures
A homogeneous mixture, or one-phased mixture is
also called a solution. One example is powdered iced
tea dissolved in water. The solute, which is the
powdered iced tea, is the one being dissolved, and the
water is the solvent or the dissolving medium.
Other mixtures have two or more components that are visible as
separate phases. They are classified as heterogeneous
mixtures. It can be suspensions or colloids. Suspensions have
solute particles big enough to settle at the bottom of the mixture and
can be alternately filtered to separate particles through filtration.
Colloids such as jelly can be cloudy, but separation of components
and settling of particles cannot be observed.
THAN
KS
Questions?