A straight line is the locus of a point whose

coordinates satisfy a linear equation

Straight Lines - is the line that does not change

direction.
Standard equations of a line
a. SLOPE - POINT FORM - the slope point form is given by the
equation
y  y1  m x  x1 
b. SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM - the slope intercept form is
given by the equation

y  mx  b
c. INTERCEPT FORM - the intrcept form is given by the
equation
x y
 1
a b
d. TWO-POINT FORM - the two point form equation of
the line is given by

y  y1 y2  y1

x  x1 x2  x1
The general form of the equation of a line is given
by

Ax  By  C  0

where A, B, and C are non-zero constants and x and

y variables of degree one.
1. Equation of Line In Point-Slope Form

The equation of a line which is passing

through the point A (x1,y1) with slope m is:

y - y1 = m ( x - x1 )

Example:
Write the equation of the line which is passing
through the point A(-1,2) with the slope m=3.
y - 2 = 3 ( x + 1)

3x - y + 5 = 0
Find the equation of the line whose inclination is 450 and
passes through the point K(0,-3).

m = tan 450 = 1
y - (-3) = 1 (x - 0 )

x - y -3 = 0

Find the equation of the line which is parallel to the line

joining the points K(-1,-4), L(-5,-10), and intercepting x-
axis at 5.
intercepting x-axis gives point: (5,0)
3
y  0   x  5
 10    4  3 2
m 
 5    1 2 3 x  2 y  15  0
 2. Equation of a Line in Two - Point Form
The equation of the line passing through two fixed points
A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) is

y  y1 x  x1

y2  y1 x2  x1
Example:

Find the equation of line which is passing through the

point A(-1,-3) and B(5,1)
6 y  3  4 x  1
y  3 x 1

1 3 5 1 6 y  18  4 x  4
4 x  6 y  14  0
y  3 x 1
 2x  3y  7  0
4 6
 If the points A(2,-5), B(-1,1)- and C(m,2) are on the same line,
then find the value of m.
using points A and B: solving for m:
y 5 x2 2 m   2  1  0

1 5 1 2
3
2x  y 1  0 m
2
If A(-1,2), B(2,1) and C(0,4) are vertices of ΔABC, find the
equation of the median of the triangle through the vertex A.

C
solving for M: equation of AM:
y2 x 1
 0  2 4 1 
  1,2.5
M
 , 2. 5  2 1  2
A
B  2 2 
x  2y 3  0
3. The Equation of the Line whose intercepts on the axes are
known

Let a be the x-intercept abd b be the y-intercept of the

line d, then the equation of d is
x y
 1
a b

Find the equation of the line passing through the points A(-5,0)
and B(0,3)
x y
a  5; b  3  1
5 3

3x  5 y  15  0
Find the equation of the line containing the point
P(-3,2) and making opposite signed intercepts
which are equidistant from the origin.
3 2 equation of the
 1 line:
x y x y
(0,y)  1
5 5
3 2
P
 1 x  y  25  0
(-x,0)
y y
y5
x  5
Finding slope of a line whose equation is given:

The slope of a line given in the form y = mx+b is

m (the coefficient of x)
If the equation of the line with the inclination 135º
is ( 2k - 1 ) x - ( k - 2 ) y + 4 = 0, then find k.
m  tan 135  1
 2k  1 x  4 2k  1
y  1 
k 2 k 2

2k  1 k 1
m 
k 2
Circle

14
Circle Definition

Circle : The set of points coplanar points equidistant

from a given point.
The given point is called the CENTER of the circle.
The distance from the center to the circle is called the
RADIUS.

Center

Radius
15
 Definitions

Chord : The segment whose endpoints lie on the circle.

Diameter : A chord that contains the center of the circle.

Tangent : A line in the plane of the circle that intersects the circle
in exactly one point.

Point of Tangency : Tangent

d
The point where the tangent line intersects Chor
the circle.
Diameter
Secant : A line that contains a chord.
Secant

16
 Example: In the following figure identify
the chords, radii, and diameters.

B Chords: AB, BF , CE
C
A

O Radii: OB, OF , OD,

D
OE , OC , OA
F E
Diameter: FB

17
 Definitions
Congruent Circles : Circles that have congruent
radii. 2
2

Concentric circles : Circles that lie in the same plane

and have the same center.

18
 Polygons
Inscribed Polygon:
A polygon inside the circle whose vertices
lie on the circle.

Circumscribed Polygon :
A polygon whose sides are
tangent to a circle.

19
 ARCS
Arcs : The part or portion on the circle from some point B to C
is called an arc. B


Example: BC C
A

B
Semicircle: An arc that is equal to 180°.
A O

Example: ABC C

20
 Minor Arc & Major Arc
Minor Arc : A minor arc is an arc that is less than 180°
A minor arc is named using its endpoints with an “arc” above.
AB A
Example:

Major Arc: A major arc is an arc that is B

B greater than 180°.
A major arc is named using its endpoints along
A O with another point on the arc (in order).

Example: ABC
C
21
 Example: ARCS
Identify a minor arc, a major arc, and a semicircle, given that CD
is a diameter.
Minor Arc:  , EC
DE  , CF
 , DF

E
D

Major Arc: CEF 
, EDC 
, DFE 
, FCD
A
C
F 
Semicircle: CED 
, CFD 
, EDF 
, ECF

22
Definition

A Circle is a set of points in the xy

plane that are a fixed distance r
from a fixed point (h,k), where
(h,k) is the center of the circle and
r is the radius.
 Standard Form of a Circle
Center is at (h, k)

 x  h   y  k  r
2 2 2

r is the radius of the circle

 General Form of a Circle
Every binomial squared has been
multiplied out.

Every term is on the left side, set equal to

0.

Example : x  y  4x  6 y  3  0
2 2
EX 1 Write the standard form for the equation of a circle
with center (3, -2) and a radius of 4.

 x  h + y  k  r
2 2 2

 x  3 +  y   2    4
2 2 2

 x  3 +  y  2   16
2 2
EX 2 Write an equation of a circle with center
(-4, 0) and a diameter of 10.

 x  h + y  k  r
2 2 2

 x   4   +  y  0   5
2 2 2

 x  4  +y  25
2 2
EX 3 Write an equation of a circle with center
(2, -9) and a radius of 11 .

 x  h + y  k  r
2 2 2

  y   9    11
2
 x  2
2 2

 x  2 +  y+9   11
2 2
EX 4 Find the coordinates of the center and the
measure of the radius.

 x  6 +  y  3   25
2 2 2
5. Find the center, radius, & equation of
the circle.

The center is
(0, 0)
The radius is
12
The equation is
x2 + y2 = 144
6. Find the center, radius, & equation of
the circle.

The center is (1, -3)

The radius is 7
The equation is

(x – 1)2 + (y + 3)2 = 49
 7. Graph the circle, identify the
center & radius.

(x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9

Center (3, 2)

Radius of 3
Converting from General Form to Standard

1. Move the x terms together and the y

terms together.
2. Move C to the other side.
3. Complete the square (as needed) for x.
4. Complete the square(as needed) for y.
5. Factor the left & simplify the right.
8. Write the standard equation of the circle. State
the center & radius.

x  y  8x  7  0
2 2

( x  8x
2
)  y  7
2

( x  8 x  16)  y  7  16
2 2

( x  4)  y  9
2 2

Center: (4, 0) radius: 3

9. Write the standard equation of the circle. State
the center & radius.

x  y  4x  6 y  3  0
2 2

x 2
 4x   y 2
 6y  3
x 2
 4x  4   y  6 y  9  3  4  9
2

 x  2   y  3  16
2 2

Center: (-2, 3) radius: 4

10. Write the standard equation of the circle. State
the center & radius.
2 x  2 y  16 x  4 y  20  0
2 2

x  y  8 x  2 y  10  0
2 2

x 2
 8x   y 2
 2y   10
x 2
 8 x  16    y  2 y  1  10  16  1
2

 x  4   y  1  7
2 2

Center : (4, 1) Radius : 7  2.6

11. Write the general form of the equation of the
circle.

 x  4   y  3  36
2 2

x  8 x  16  y  6 y  9  36
2 2

x  8 x  16  y  6 y  9  36  0
2 2

x  y  8 x  6 y  11  0
2 2
Write the equation of a circle whose diameter is the line segment
joining A(-3,-4) and B(4,3).
What must you find first?
The center and the radius.
How can you find the center?
The center is the midpoint of the segment.
(½ , - ½ )
How can you find the radius?
The radius is the distance from the center to a point on the circle.
Use the distance formula.
7 2
r=
2
The equation is:
2 2
 1  1 49
x   y   
 2  2 2
 Find the center, the length of the radius, and
write the equation of the circle if the endpoints of
a diameter are (-8,2) and (2,0).

Center: Use midpoint Length: use distance formula

formula! with radius and an endpoint

 8  2 2  0 

 2
,
2 
  3,1 (2  (3))  (0  1) 
2 2
26
Equation: Put it all together
 
2
 x  (3) 
2
 ( y  1) 
2
26 or

 x  3
2
 ( y  1)  26 2
 Find the coordinates of the center, the radius and the intercepts of the
circle whose equation is:.  

( 𝑥  −5)2 +(  𝑦 +4)2=41   𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠(𝑥 =0)

𝐶 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟
   
 (0 −5)2+( 𝑦+ 4)2=41

(5 ,− 4)  
 25 +( 𝑦 + 4)2=41
𝑅 𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠  ( 𝑦+ 4)2=16

𝑟  2= 41𝑟= √ 41=6.403   y+4=± 4  𝑦=0 ,− 8

𝑥  −𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑠 ( 𝑦 =0)   , −8)
(0,0) (0
 

( 𝑥  −5)2 +(0+ 4)2=41

 (0,0) (10,0)
 
( 𝑥  − 5)2 +16= 41
( 𝑥 −5)2=25 𝑟=6.403
 
      ,− 4)
(5
𝑥 −5=± 5 𝑦=0 ,10   , −8)
(0
(0,0)  (10,0)