CHAPTER 2

Painting
 DEFINITION
- Paintings is the art of applying
pigments to a surface in order to
present a picture of the subject.
 MEDIUM
The choice of the medium is a crucial
aspect in art production. Mediums differ not
only in their inherent qualities but also in
the effects they produce. Luckily, painters
have a variety of mediums to choose from.
 Oil and fresco to be the favorite
mediums of great painters in the second
half of the last millennium. With recent
developments, painters have turned to
acrylic and poster colors, which are
readily available in book stores and
department stores.
 OIL
- Oil painting is done with the use of
ground pigments.

- Mixed with linseed oil and turpentine

or thinner.
 Oil paints are applied in either of two
ways:
- The Direct Method, in which the paints
are opaque and once they are applied in the
surface, they dry up and give the finished
product its final appearance.
 - The Indirect Method, in which the
paints are transparent and they are
applied in many thin layers or coatings.
 “FARMERS” by Fernando Amorsolo

“PRAYER BEFORE MEAL”

by Vicente Manansala
 FRESCO
Fresco (Italian for fresh) painting is done with
the use of earth pigments mixed with water and
applied to fresh plasters or glue which attaches
the color to the surface like a wall.

- buon fresco or true fresco

- fresco secco or dry fresco
 WATER COLOR
- Water Color painting is done with the use of
pigments mixed with water and applied to fine
white paper.

- The Colors are applied in very thin layers and

all the light comes from the ground, which
gives it brilliance.
 TEMPERA
- Tempera painting is done with the use of
ground pigments mixed with an Albuminous or
colloidal vehicle (egg yolk, gum, glue or casein).
Being an emulsion, tempera readily dries with
the evaporation of water and this characteristic
is one of its advantage.
 - Another advantage is its effect on the
wooden panel its ground or surface-
luminosity of tone. Its quick- drying is also a
disadvantage; it allows little blending or
fusing of colors. Nevertheless it is still used
today.
 PASTEL
- Pastel painting is done with the use of
pastel Colors closely resembling dry
pigments bound to form crayons, which
are directly applied to the surface,
oftentimes paper.
 ACRYLIC
- Acrylic painting is done with the use of
synthetic paints called acrylics mixed
with a vehicle capable of being thinned
with water. Acrylic emulsion or polymer
serves as its binding agent.
 
 ENCAUSTIC
- Encaustic painting is done with
the use of hot wax as a vehicle to
bind pigments to a wooden panel or
a wall.
 SUBJECTS
- There are so many subjects that can be
presented in painting. The prehistoric men
painted animals and other things of nature on
walls of caves. The early Egyptians painted
fragments of life stories of the pharaohs.
- The ancient Greeks and Roman were so fond
of their male and female deities. The
Renaissance painters did portraits of Mary
and Jesus and depicted biblical stories. Others
had fun doing landscapes, seascapes,
cityscapes, and the like.
PROTRAITURE
- Portraits are pictures of men and
women singly or collectively.

- Nowadays, charcoal is one of the mediums

used in doing portraits.
 ANIMAL AND
PLANTS
- During the ancient times, man’s priority
concern was survival. In the early stages of
men’s development (hunting and food-
gathering), his first encounters were with
animals and plants.
 STILL LIFE
- Still painting is a painting of an
inanimate object or a non-living thing
placed on the table or another setting.
 STILL LIFE
- Still painting is a painting of an
inanimate object or a non-living thing
placed on the table or another setting.
 COUNTRY LIFE
- Paintings living in the countryside have access
to scenes happening daily in their community.
Local events such as a barrio fiesta, a fluvial
parade, a bountiful rice harvest, a big catch of
fishes, and a natural calamity are exciting
painting subjects.
 LANDSCAPE
- Any of the land form can be the subject of
a landscape painting

SEASCAPE
- Any of the water forms can be the
subject of a seascape painting.
 CITYSCAPE
- An aerial view of a city or a portion of it
can be the subject of a cityscape painting.
 EVENT
- Events are among the favorite subjects of
painters. The “Spolarium“ and the “Blood
Compact“ of Juan Luna and the “Christian
Virgins Exposed to the Populace“ of Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo are examples of such
subjects. “Moses Commanding the Red Sea to
Divide“ is another illustration.
 Madonna of the rocks by
RELIGIOUS ITEMS
Leonardo Da Vinci

- Religious items such as the Holy Family,

Madonna and Child, Jesus Christ, angels,
saints, and religious objects are commonly
used subjects today as they were during the
HOLY FAMILY
Medieval and Renaissance Period.
 TOOLS
- Just like any worker, a painter makes
use several tools in completing his work.

- brush or brushes
- palette
- palette knife or spatula
- easel
 PALETTE KNIFE
Easel

BRUSHES
 HISTORY
PREHISTORIC PERIOD
- The history of painting spans all
cultures and dates back to the time of the
prehistoric men who produced their own
artifacts. The ancient Egyptians created
paintings to make the burial site.
- The oldest known paintings believed to be
about 32,000 years old are found at the
Grotte-Vhauvet in France and depict
horses, rhinoceros, lions buffalos and
mammoths (Marcos 2006).
 GREEK PERIOD
- Ancient Greece had great painters who were then
regarded as manual laborers. Their paintings found in
pottery and ceramics give a glimpse of the way of life
of ancient Greeks. Some famous Greek painters on
wooden panels are Zeuxis, Parrhasius, and Apelles who
is described as the greats painter of Antiquity for his
technique in drawing, coloring, and modeling.
ROMAN PERIOD
- Influenced by Ancient Greek painting,
Roman painting exhibits important
characteristics of its own.
 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
- The middle ages saw the rise of Christianity,
which brought about a different spirit and aim to
painting styles. Placing great emphasis on retaining
traditional iconography and style, Byzantine
painting has a hieratic feeling; icons were and still
are seen as a reflection of the divine.
 
 RENAISSANCE
PERIOD
- Considered the golden age of painting,
the Renaissance spanned from the 14th
through the mid-17th century.
 BAROQUE PERIOD
- Beginning around 1600 until the last years of the 17th
century, the Baroque period produced paintings with
dramatic light and shade, violent composition and
exaggerated emotion. Such works are exemplified by
the paintings of Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Rubens,
Velasquez, Poussin, Vermeer, Le Nain, and La Tour.
 CLASSIC PERIOD
- In the 18th century emerged an art style that
revived the Classical art of Greece and Rome in
painting, sculpture, and architecture.

- CLASSICAL refers to “the art of ancient Greece

and Rome”; in particular, it refers to “the art of
Greece of the 5th century BC.” It can also mean “any
art that based on a carefully organized arrangement
of parts, with special emphasis on balance and
proportion.”
 ROCOCO PERIOD
- The period covering the 18th century and following
the Baroque period is the Rococo period. The
painting during this period is characterized as
lighter than that of the Baroque, often frivolous and
erotic. Famous among the Rococo painters are
 -Antoine Watteau
-Francois Boucher
-Fragonard
-Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
-Thomas Gainsborough
-Jean-Baptiste-Simeon-Chardin
 
 ROMANTIC
PERIOD
- The fall of the Rococo style gave rise to a new
movement which shifted its attention toward
landscape and nature, as well as the human
figure and the supremacy of natural order
above mankinds will.
 REALIST AND
NATURALIST PERIOD
In the late 1800s, a group of artist actively
painted in varying personal styles and were
linked mainly by there rejection of
Impressionism. Known as the Post-
Impressionists, they were divided into THREE
GROUPS:
* THE EXPRESSIONISTS, represented by Vincent van
Gogh and Paul Gauguin, who were most interested in
personal expression;
* THE FORMALISTS, led by Paul Cezanne, who were
most concerned with composition and structure; and
* THE REALISTS AND NATURALISTS headed by
Gustave Courbet, who used light, shade, color and
perspective to reproduce as closely as possible the
appearance of objects in nature.
 IMPRESSIONIST
PERIOD
- In the last half of the 19th century, a group of
painters developed a painting style that tried to
capture the quality of lights as its plays across
landscape and figures.
 MODERN PERIOD
- In the early 20th century, avante-garde artist
experimented in new styles of formalist
painting and such experimentation led to the
birth of Cubism, Futurism, De Stijl, and
Suprematism.
Pablo Picasso, one of the Cubist painters,
produced world-renowned works.
- Derived from Cubism, Suprematism is
geometric nonrepresentational art style.
In 1917, a painting movement called De
Stijl (“The Style”) evolved as a product
of collaboration Arch.
 
 NOTABLE ARTISTS
* LOCAL PAINTERS
Alcuaz, Federico A.
- Federico Alcuaz was conferred the Ordero of
national Artist of the Philippines for Visual
Arts (Painting, Sculpture, and Mixed Media).
Alcuaz, Federico A.
 AMORSOLO, FERNANDO C.
- Posthumously conferred the order of National Artist
of the Philippines for Visual Arts (painting) in 1972,
Amorsolo, a close friend of National Artist Guillermo
Tolentino, was a portraitist and painter of rural
Philippine landscapes. He was considered as one of
the most important artists in the history of painting in
the Philippines and regarded as the Father of
Philippine Realism for his numerous realistic
paintings.
AMORSOLO, FERNANDO C.
 CABRERA, BENEDICTO R.
a.k.a Bencab
- National Artist of the Philippines for Visual
Arts in 2006.

- Cabrera is Filipino painter noted for being

“arguably the best-selling painter of his generation
of Filipino artists.”
CABRERA, BENEDICTO R.
 DOMINGO, DAMIAN
- Domingo was the first Filipino painter who
specialized in secular painting. He portrayed non-
religious themes on canvas and excelled in
miniature painting. He was considered a
forerunner of the Filipino movement for racial
equality and the foremost Filipino painter of the
early.
DOMINGO, DAMIAN
 EDADES, VICTORIO C.

- National Artist of the Philippines for a Visual

Arts (Painting) in 1976, Edades was a Filipino
painter who led the revolutionary Thirteen
Modern.
EDADES, VICTORIO C.
 FRANCISCO, CARLOS V.
- Posthumously conferred the Order of National
Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts
(painting) in 1973, Francisco (aka Botong) was a
muralist from Angono, Rizal. Best known for his
historical pieces, he produced great works
including “Blood Compact, “First Mass at
Limasawa”, “The Martyrdom of Rizal”, and
many more.
FRANCISCO, CARLOS V.
 HIDALGO, FELIX
RESURRECTION
- Hidalgo was a contemporary of Juan Luna
who placed second in an international art
exposition in Madrid, winning a silver medal
for his painting, “Las Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho” ( The Christian
Virgins Exposed to thee Populace”)
Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al
Populacho
 KIUKOK, ANG
- National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts
(Painting), Ang, Kiukok was leading Filipino
painter born in Davao City to Chinese-Filipino
parents who had emigrated from Fukien. He
pursued Art Studies at the University of Santo
Tomas, where one of his mentor was Vicente
Manansala, who later became his life-long friend.
KIUKOK, ANG
 LEGASPI, CESAR
- National Artist of the Philippines for Visual Arts
(Paintings). Legaspi was a Filipino painter in
Tondo, Manila. He served as an art director before
he went full-time in his visual art practice in the
1960s.
LEGASPI, CESAR
 LUNA, JUAN

- A native of Badoc, Ilocos Norte, Luna studied in

Manila, at the Ateneo de Manila and then at the
Academia de Dibujo y Pintura and later in Madrid,
Spain at the Escuela de BellasArtes.
 
 LUZ, ARTURO R.
National Artist of the Philippines for Visual
Arts in 1997.
Luz is a painter, printmaker, sculptor, designer,
and art administrator.
A founding member of the modern Neo-realist
school in the Philippine art.
LUZ, ARTURO R.
 MAGSAYSAY-HO, ANITA C.
- Magsaysay-Ho was the student of the UP School of fine
arts under Fernando and Pablo Amorsolo, later at the
school of design with VictorioEdades, and then at the
Cranbook Academy of Art in Michigan under
ZoltanSepeshy, under whom she specialized in egg-
tempera painting. The Art Association of the Philippines
awarded her first prize for her works.
MAGSAYSAY-HO, ANITA C.
 MALANG-SANTOS, MAURO
- Malang was a multifaceted and prolific artist
who worked as a graphic designer and an
illustrator and a cartoonist for the Manila
Chronicle, for which he created the two comic
strip characters.
MALANG-SANTOS, MAURO
 MANANSALA, VICENTE S.
- Manansala was a Philippine cubist painter and
illustrator born in Macabebe, Pampanga. Like
Amorsolo, he graduated from the UP school of
Fine Arts and received in 1949 a six month
UNESCO grant to study at the Ecole de Beaux
Arts in Banff and Montreal, Canada.
MANANSALA, VICENTE S.
 OCAMPO, GALO B.
- Ocampo, together with Edades and Francisco,
formed a triumvirate painting murals for
theatres and residences.

- Influenced by surrealism, he expressed his

concern for humanity in his “allegories-in-paint.”
OCAMPO, GALO B.
 OCAMPO, HERNANDO B.
- National Artist of the Philippines of Visual Arts
(Painting) in 1991, Ocampo was a painter, fictionist,
playwright, and editor.

- Some of his paintings, reflected the harsh realities of

the Philippines after World War II his country after the
Second World War; however, many of them depicted
beautiful Philippine landscape.
OCAMPO, HERNANDO B.

GENESIS
THANK YOU
