PARALLEL

LINES
WHAT IS PARALLEL LINES?
• Two or more lines that are the same distance apart, never
merging and never diverging.
• That lines are never ending, so parallel lines continue
forever in two directions, always the same distance apart.
• A single existing line can have an infinite number of
parallel lines.
• To be two parallel lines, both lines must exist in the same
plane.
 PROPERTIES
OF
PARALLEL LINES
TRANSVERSAL
- A line that crosses two other lines.

Note: the two other lines may be parallel, but do not need to be parallel.
CORRESPONDING ANGLES

- Angles that appears in the same relative position.

X
X
ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES
- Angles between the pairs of lines and on opposite sides of
the transversal.

X
ALTERNATE EXTERIOR ANGLES

- Angles outside the pair of lines and on opposite sides of the

transversal.

X
 TRANSVERSAL

Same side of Opposite sides of

transversal Transversal
Between the parallel lines Same Side Interior Alternate Interior

Outside the parallel lines Alternate Exterior

Same position compared Corresponding

to parallel lines
SAME SIDE INTERIOR ANGLES
-Angles inside the pair of lines and on the same side of the
transversal.

X X
SEE DISCUSSION ON THE
GIVEN LINK…
POLYGONS
WHAT IS A POLYGONS

• Polygons are many-sided figures, with sides that are line

segments. Polygons are named according to the number
of sides and angles they have.
• Can be “regular” – all sides and all angles are equal to
each other.
 ISOSCELES TRIANGLES

• Two sides of equal length.

• Three acute angles
• Sum of angles = 180°
 EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES

• All sides equal length

• Three acute angles
• Sum of angles = 180°
 SCALENE TRIANGLES

• No sides are equal

• No angles are equal
• May have obtuse angle
• Sum of angles = 180°
 RECTANGLES

• Opposite sides are parallel

• Opposite side are equal in length
• Each angle equals 90°
• Sum of angles = 360°
 SQUARES

• All sides equal

• All angles equal and are 90° each
• Sum of angles = 360°
• Is a regular polygon
 TRAPEZOIDS
• Two sides are parallel
• Has obtuse and acute angles
• Sometimes has a right angle
• Sum of angles = 360°
 RHOMBUSES (RHOMBI)
• All four sides of equal length
• Opposite angles are equal – 2 acute angles, 2 obtuse angles
• Sum of angles = 360°
• Regular polygon
 PARALLELOGRAMS

• Opposite sides parallel

• Opposite sides equal in length
• Opposite angles equal
• Sum of angles = 360°
 PENTAGONS

• 5 sides
• Sum of angles = 540°
• Regular polygon
 HEXAGONS

• 6 sides
• Sum of angles = 720°
• Can be regular polygon
 OCTAGONS

• 8 sides
• Sum of angles = 1080°
• Can be regular polygon
 DECAGONS

• 10 sides
• Sum of angles = 1440°
• Can be regular polygon
 MEASURE OF
EXTERIOR ANGLES
OF A POLYGON
 ACTIVITY 1
Strategies: Exposition and Individual Activity

1. Draw a regular polygons (triangle, rectangle and

pentagon) using ruler.
2. Extend the sides of each polygon in succession to form
exterior angles at each vertex. Using protractor, get the
measure of each interior and its corresponding exterior
angles.
3. Get the sum of the measures of each exterior angles at
each vertex of each polygon
 ACTIVITY 2
1. What did you observe about the sum of the measure
of the exterior at each vertex of the above polygon?
2. What generalization can you deduce from the above
activities?
3. Draw a pentagon, that the sides have been extended in
succession to form an exterior angle at each vertex.
4. What is the sum of the measures of the exterior angles of
a polygon?
 No. of vertices 5 N

Sum of interior and exterior 180 180

Angles at one vertex

Sum of interior and exterior 5(180) = 900 180n

angles at all vertices

Sum of interior angles (5-2) 180 = 540 (n-2)180

Sum of exterior angles = (sum of 900 – 540 = 360 180n – [(n-2)180] =

interior and exterior angles – sum 180n – 180n + 360 =
of interior angles) 360
The sum of the measure of the exterior angles
of a convex polygon, one angle at each vertex,
is 360.
Verify using regular triangle, quadrilateral,
hexagon, etc. using the same steps as above for
the pentagon
 ACTIVITY 3

1. The measures of an exterior angle of a regular

polygon is given. Find the number of sides.
a. 40 d. 72
b. 45 e. 120
c. 60 f. r
 ACTIVITY 4
The measure of one angle of a regular polygon is
given. Find the number of sides.
a. 144
b. 165
c. 150
d. 179
 ACTIVITY 5
1.The measure of an exterior angles of a regular convex
polygon is 30. How many sides does the polygon
have? Name the polygon.
2.The sum of the measures of 6 exterior angles of a
heptagon is 285. what is the measure of the 7th exterior
angle?
3.The measure of each exterior angle of a regular
octagon is 2x – 3, find the value of x and the measure
of each exterior angle.
 ACTIVITY 6
• A. QUADRILATERAL
a.Fold along the opposite angles and cut along the
crease.
b.How many triangles are formed?
c.What is the sum measures of the interior angles?
d.How did you get your answer?
e.Why did you do that process?
B. PENTAGON
a. Fold along from a common vertex to each non-consecutive
vertices and cut along the creases.
b.How many triangles are formed in pentagon?
c. What is the sum of the measures of the interior angles?
d.How did you get your answer?
e.Why did you do that process?
• C. HEXAGON
a.Fold along from a common vertex to each non-
consecutive vertices and cut along the creases.
b.How many triangles are formed in hexagon?
c.What is the sum of the measures of the interior
angles?
d.How did you get your answer?
e.Why did you do that process?
POLYGON NO. OF NO. OF SUM MEASURES OF THE INTERIOR
SIDES TRIANGLES ANGLES

Triangle 3 1 (1 x 180°) or 180°

Rectangle 4 2 (2 x 180°) or 360°
Pentagon 5 3 (3 x 180°) or 540°
Hexagon 6 4 (4 x 180°) or 720°
n-gon n n-2 (n-2) 180°
• You can observe the following from the table
a. Triangle has three sides. How many triangles are there? 1
b. Rectangle has four sides. How many triangles are there? 2
c. Pentagon has five sides. How many triangles are there? 3
d. Hexagon has six sides. How many triangles are there? 4
e. What pattern can you see between the number of sides of the polygon and the
number of triangles formed?
• 3–2=1
• 4–2=2
• 5–2=3
• 6–2=4
• n – 2 = no. of triangles formed
• Since the sum of the measures of the angles
•  

of a triangles is 180, so we can come up to

the equation ° for the sum of the interior
angles of any polygon.
•Fill up the table with the sum of the measures of the interior angles of
each polygon. Express in factor form with 180 as the GCF.
Number of sides of Sum of the Interior To derive the first Subtract column 3
polygons angle(s) Factor, divide the from column 1
sum of the interior
by 180
3 180 = 1(180) 1 2
4 360 = 2(180) 2 2
5 540 = 3(180) 3 2
6 720 = 4(180) 4 2
7 900 = 5(180) 5 2
8 1080 = 6(180) 6 2
 ACTIVITY 7
• Based on the table above, answer the following questions/observation
a. As the number of sides of the polygon increases, what happens to the
sum of the measures of the interior angles?
b. Express the sum of the measures of the interior angles in terms of
GCF of 180° and the other factor.
c. What is the difference between the number of sides and the other
factor?
d.How is column 1 related to column 3?
e.Is there a pattern in finding the sum of the interior angles of a
polygon? If so, give the pattern.
Fill in the tables:
POLYGON NO. OF NO. OF SUM MEASURES OF THE INTERIOR
SIDES TRIANGLES ANGLES
Triangle 3 1 (1 x 180°) or 180°
Rectangle 4 2 (2 x 180°) or 360°
Pentagon 5 3 (3 x 180°) or 540°
Hexagon 6 4 (4 x 180°) or 720°
Heptagon 7 5 (5 x 180°) or 720°
Octagon 8 6 (6 x 180°) or 720°
       
       
n-gon n n-2 (n-2) 180°
• Study the tables and look for patterns. Observe the column for
no. of sides and the column for the no. of triangles. How is the
no. of triangles related to the no. of sides? Is there a common
difference for each polygon? YES
n t = difference
3 - 1 = 2
4 - 2 = 2
5 - 3 = 2
6 - 4 = 2
•   How will you relate the numbers of triangles to the numbers of sides?
•n – d = t
 Since the common difference is 2 then n – 2 = t and since in one triangle the sum
of the measures of the angles is 180° so just multiply the number of triangles by
180° to get the sum of the measures of the angles of a polygon. S = ( n – 2 ) 180°
• Derive the formula for n if s is given using properties of equation.
S = ( n -2 ) 180°
S = 180n – 360

n= 
 ACTIVITY 8
•Find the sum of the measures of the vertex angles of each polygon:
a. Decagonc. 15-gon
b. Dodecagon d. 20-gon
•Find the no. of sides and the measures of each interior angles of the regular
polygon when the sum of the measures of the vertex angles is given:
a. 1260° c. 1980°
b. 1620° d. 4320°
•Find the sum of the interior angles from each polygon.
1. dodecagon2. 15-gon 3. x-gon  
•Find the number of sides of the regular polygon when the measure of the
interior angles is given.
1. 1980° 2. 4320°
THANK YOU!
God Bless 