Presentation
on
Rajat Singla
IT-B
274109
4G wireless: One View
• 4G is the short name for fourth-generation wireless, the stage of
mobile communications that will enable things like IP-based voice,
data, gaming services and high quality streamed multimedia on
portable devices with cable modem-like transmission speeds.
EVOLUTION OF
4G
First Generation(1G)
1G was developed in seventies
It was an analog system
Advanced Mobile Phone System(AMPS) was first launched
by US and is a 1G mobile system.
Based on FDMA,it allows users to make voice calls in one
country.
Major invention of microprocessor.
Drawbacks:
Poor Voice Quality,Large Phone Size,No Security,
Poor handoff Reliability,Large Phone Size
Second Generation(2G)
2G phone uses global system for mobile communications
(GSM) were first used in the early 1990’s in Europe.
Uses digital modulation for improved audio quality.
GSM provides voice & limited data services.
It includes GSM,D-AMPS,CDMA,PDC
Drawbacks:
GSM is a circuit switched ,connection oriented technology,
where the end system are dedicated for entire call session.
This causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth & resources.
GSM enabled systems do not supports high data rates.
Third Generation(3G)
The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by
allowing video, audio, and graphics applications.
The idea behind 3G is to have a single network standard
instead of the different types adopted in the US, Europe, and
Asia.
Standards: W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized
Drawbacks:
High Bandwidth requirement
High spectrum licensing fees.
High Capital
3G Vs 4G
Technology 3G 4G
Data Transfer Rate 3.1MB /sec 100MB/sec
Internet services Broadband Ultra Broadband
Mobile -TV Resolution Low High
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 100 +MHz
Frequency 1.6- 2 GHZ 2 – 8 GHz
Network Architecture Wide Area Network Hybrid Network
What is 4G
4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless
standards.
It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of standards
Data Speeds upto 1Gbit/sec approx
All 4G devices are based on IP Packet switched
network
Dynamically share and utilize the network resources to
support more simultaneous users per cell
Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks
Ability to offer high quality of service for next generation
multimedia support
Support for HDTV under development.
4G:Anytime,Anywhere Connection
Also Known as ‘Mobile Broadband everywhere’
MAGIC
Mobile Multimedia Communication
Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone
Global Mobility Support
Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Service
According to 4G Mobile Forum, by 2008 over $400
billion would be invested in 4G mobile projects.
4G
TECHNOLOGY
STANDARDS
WiMAX
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
WiMAX is based on OFDMA Technology
OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX applications
are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of last mile wireless
broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL for homes
and businesses.
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers the
full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds.
How OFDMA works????
Orthogonal FDM's spread spectrum technique spreads the data
over a lot of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies.
This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this method which
prevents the receivers/demodulators from seeing frequencies
other than their own specific one.
The main benefit of OFDM is high spectral efficiency, but with
OFDM you also get; high resiliency to RF interference.
It is also compatible with other enhancement Technologies, such
as smart antennas.
WiMAX vs. Wi-Fi
WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing
slightly different needs.
WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-
like service with guaranteed performance to larger public
areas, similar in coverage to cellular networks today.
Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances,
making it ideal for low-cost, private networks (where usage
of the network is constrained to an office building or campus)
or free public systems (where service guarantees are not
required).
12/08/2021
WIBRO:Wireless Broadband
WIBRO is a Korean Technology
8.75MHz Channel Bandwidth.
Around 30 miles in fixed station and 3-10 Miles for mobile station
broadband access.
IEEE802.16e and IEEE802.22 are the WIBRO standards.
LTE(Long Term Evolution)
It is very similar to WiMAX. Upgrading the current 3G networks to
LTE is easier than upgrading to WiMAX.
LTE started with the advancement of 3G standard in 2006
LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS).
There are two versions of LTE :
• Basic LTE falls under 3.5G
•Advanced LTE falls under 4G
Advantages Of 4G Technology
Any time, any place.
Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video,
Internet, and other broadband services.
High speed, high capacity, and low cost-per-bit.
A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the
world.
Packet system
IPv6
Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
Better spectral efficiency
Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks.
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Disadvantages of 4G Technology
The equipment required to implement a next generation
network is still very expensive.
Hard to implement
Battery uses are more.
Need complicated hardware.
Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure that
expenses are kept realistic.
CONCLUSION
Migration to 4G networks ensures convergence of networks,
technologies, applications and services.
4G can serve as a flexible platform.
Wireless carriers have an opportunity to shorten Investment return,
improve operating efficiency and increase revenues.
4G - a promising Generation of wireless communication that will
change people’s lives.
4G is likely to enable the download of full length songs or music
pieces which may change the market response dramatically.
Innovations in network technology will provide an environment in
which virtually anything is available, anywhere, at any time, via any
connected device.
FUTURE
There are some good reasons for 4G development and a variety of
current and evolving technologies to make 4G a reality.
Both service providers and users want to reduce the cost of wireless
systems and the cost of wireless services.
Lesser the expensive of the system, the more people who will want to
own it.
4G's flexibility will allow the integration of several different LAN and WAN
technologies.
Finally, the 4G wireless system would truly go into a "one size fits all"
category, having a feature set that meets the needs of just about
everyone.
WHY 4G???
Higher Bandwidth enables a range of new applications
For the Consumer:
Video Streaming,TV broadcast
Video calls,video clips-news,music,sports
Enhanced gaming,chat,location services…
For Bussiness:
High speed teleworking
Sales force automation
Video Conferencing
Real-time financial information.
Telecom Companies Developing 4G
NTT DoCoMo (JAPAN)
DIGIWEB (IRELAND)
SPRINT(CHICAGO)
VERIZON WIRELESS
VODAFONE GROUP
AMERICAN WIRELESS PROVIDER CLEARWIRE etc.
Thank
you
3G 4G
Major Requirement Predominantly voice Converged data and
Driving Architecture driven-data was voice over IP
always add on
Network Wide area cell Hybrid –integration of
architecture based wireless LAN and wide
area
Speed 384 Kbps to 2 20 to 100 Mbps in
Mbps mobile mode
Frequency Band 1800-2400 MHz Higher frequency
bands (2-8 GHz)
Switching Design Circuit and Packet All digital with
Basis packetized voice
Access W-CDMA, OFDM and MC-CDMA
Technologies (Multi Carrier CDMA)
Component Design Optimized antenna Smarter Antennas,
design, multi-band software multilane
adapters and wideband radios
IP A number of air All IP (IP6.0)
link protocols,
including IP 5.0
