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What Is Paraphrasing?

There are three main ways to avoid plagiarism: summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting. When paraphrasing, the length should be similar to the original but using completely different words. Quotes should be in quotation marks and cite the original author. Both paraphrasing and quoting require giving credit to the original author to avoid plagiarism.

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Burcu Mali
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215 views

What Is Paraphrasing?

There are three main ways to avoid plagiarism: summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting. When paraphrasing, the length should be similar to the original but using completely different words. Quotes should be in quotation marks and cite the original author. Both paraphrasing and quoting require giving credit to the original author to avoid plagiarism.

Uploaded by

Burcu Mali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT is

PARAPHRASING?
Paraphrasing means changing the
wording of a text so that it is
significantly different from the
original source, without changing
the meaning.
It is about translating
another person's ideas
into your own words and
in reduced form. 
THE ELEMENTS OF
EFFECTİVE PARAPHRASİNG
Imagine & Check &
Read Purpose Look away
Write Cite
• Read • What will • Look away • Imagine • Double
passage you do from explaining check your
until you with this passage to that main wording
understand write main point to a against the
evidence?
its meaning points of classmate/ original
what you coworker. • Cite the
read. • Write source.
explanation
on page.
Niagara Falls is viewed by thousands of tourists every
year.
Each year, thousands of people visit Niagara Falls.

 Uploading a video to YouTube can help exposure for


your business.
Your business can be seen by many people if you post a
video on YouTube.

She was a successful author and speaker.


She found success as a speaker and writer.
He was saddened by the news.
 The news depressed him.

The museum has a huge collection of African art.


There is a large exhibit of African art at the museum.

He has tons of stuff to throw away.


He needs to get rid of a lot of junk.
 Original passage:
In The Sopranos, the mob is besieged as much by
inner infidelity as it is by the federal government.
Early in the series, the greatest threat to Tony's
Family is his own biological family. One of his
closest associates turns witness for the FBI, his
mother colludes with his uncle to contract a hit on
Tony, and his kids click through Web sites that
track the federal crackdown in Tony's gangland.
 Paraphrased passage:
In the first season of The Sopranos, Tony
Soprano's mobster activities are more threatened
by members of his biological family than by
agents of the federal government. This familial
betrayal is multi-pronged. Tony's closest friend
and associate is an FBI informant, his mother and
uncle are conspiring to have him killed, and his
children are surfing the Web for information about
his activities.
AN EXAMPLE
 Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking
notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final
research paper. Probably only about 10% of your final
paper should appear as direct quoting. Therefore, you
should strive to limit the amount of quoting while taking
notes.
Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers . 2nd ed. (1976)
PARAPHRASING
In research papers, students often
quote too much, failing to keep
quoting down. Since the problems
usually originates during note taking,
it is important to minimize the
materials recorded. (Lester 46-47)
TECHNİQUES FOR PARAPHRASİNG
1. Change from a Clause to a Phrase
2. Change from Quoted Speech to Indirect
Speech
3. Change from Active Voice to Passive
Voice
4. Change to Synonyms
5. Change Word Forms
CHANGE FROM A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE

After he studied, John


took a nap.
After studying, John
took a nap.
CHANGE FROM QUOTED
SPEECH TO INDİRECT SPEECH

Mr. Lee said, “I am ready


for lunch.”
Mr. Lee said he was ready
for lunch.
CHANGE FROM ACTİVE VOİCE TO
PASSİVE VOİCE

A hotel employee will carry


your bags.
Your bags will be carried by
a hotel employee.
CHANGE TO SYNONYMS

 A hotelemployee will carry your bags.


 Your bags will be carried by a hotel
employee.

 Your luggage will be picked up by a bell


boy.
CHANGE WORD FORMS

 Use an adverb instead of an adjective


 Use a verb to replace a noun.

 GROG is an accurate typist.


 GROG types accurately.

How do you actually
 

avoid plagiarizing?
Three ways to save yourself from plagiarizing are
summary, paraphrase and quote.
 A paraphrase is typically the same length as the original
text but written in YOUR own words.

So a paraphrase of a page would be about a page; a


paraphrase of a paragraph would be roughly the same
length as the original paragraph. 

The real trick to paraphrasing is making sure you use your


own words and NOT using the words from the original
source.
AVOİDİNG PLAGİARİSM
 There is a fine line between plagiarism and
paraphrasing.
If the wording, or even the sentence structure, of
the paraphrased text is too close to the wording of
the original content, it will look like you are trying
to pass off someone else's words as your own. This
is plagiarism, which is unethical and even illegal
in some cases. The main ideas need to come
through, but the wording has to be your own.
If you don't think you can paraphrase
a sentence or passage and have the
meaning come across as clearly, you
can use the original author's exact
words if you put them in quotation
marks. You will also need to identify
the source of the material by giving
the author's name.
 For example:

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. famously said, "In the end,
we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the
silence of our friends.«

In this example, Dr. King's exact words are quoted, and he


is given credit for them in the sentence.
 If you choose to paraphrase information and put it into
your own words instead, you will still need to give credit
to the original author for ideas that are unique and not
common knowledge. For example:

According to New York Times columnist Paul Krugman,


the economy is doing well based on GDP and falling
unemployment.
REFERENCES
 WriteCheck Blog
 Academic writing handbook international-students

 Your dictionary

 Library Genesis

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