Scribd
Upload
647 views25 pages

CM Chapter 5 - Construction Planning and Scheduling

This document discusses construction planning and scheduling. It covers the advantages of planning, which include estimating duration and resources before a project starts, and facilitating ordering and resource utilization during construction. It also discusses preparing schedules by determining activities, relationships between activities, activity durations, and developing the network. Common scheduling techniques include bar charts, CPM, PERT, line of balance, and software like Primavera and MS Project. Key terms in network scheduling are defined, such as activities, durations, events, precedence relationships. Rules for network construction are provided. Examples demonstrate representing project relationships in network diagrams.

Uploaded by

Adane Belay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
647 views25 pages

CM Chapter 5 - Construction Planning and Scheduling

This document discusses construction planning and scheduling. It covers the advantages of planning, which include estimating duration and resources before a project starts, and facilitating ordering and resource utilization during construction. It also discusses preparing schedules by determining activities, relationships between activities, activity durations, and developing the network. Common scheduling techniques include bar charts, CPM, PERT, line of balance, and software like Primavera and MS Project. Key terms in network scheduling are defined, such as activities, durations, events, precedence relationships. Rules for network construction are provided. Examples demonstrate representing project relationships in network diagrams.

Uploaded by

Adane Belay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology


School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT(CENG 5104)

CHAPTER-5
Construction Planning and Scheduling
(ADDIS M.)
Advantages of Planning
Planning has advantages at all of the following
stages of construction:
 Before the project is started:
◦ to estimate project duration and resources
◦ Helps on evaluation of tenders submitted by
contractors.
 During the construction stage:
◦ Ordering of materials
◦ For Resource utilization like equipments.
 After completion of a project:
◦ Serve as a data base for future planning and
scheduling.
Preparation of a schedule involves:
1. Choice of technology and construction
method
2. Determination of the job steps or ‘activities’
3. Developing sequential relationships among
these activities,
4. Determination of duration of activities,
5. Preparing the schedule or network
 Scheduling is a mechanical process for formalizing the
planning function, assigning time boundaries for each part
of the work in such a manner that the work proceeds in
logical sequence and in an orderly and systematic manner.
 Periodically, perhaps monthly, the contractor will compare
schedule progress with that shown on the project program.
 The purpose is to determine
◦ whether the various activities that were planned to be active
during the previous period were actually active
◦ the extent of their progress
◦ the anticipated project completion date based on progress to date.
◦ is to incorporate any new information about already planned
activities, any new wok not previously planned and their impacts
on other activities and on the overall project completion date.
Scheduling Techniques:
 There are various methods to produce a schedule:
 Bar charts,
 CPM, critical path method,
 PERT, program evaluation and review technique,
 Line of balance, and
 Computer Software's:
o Primavera,
o MS Project, etc.
Bar/Gantt Chart
 Developed by Henry Gantt where each activity is
represented by a bar.
 Bar shows start/finish times as well as Progress.
Advantages of Bar chart:
◦ A simple format and readily understood at all levels
of management,
◦ It can provide a quick, visual overview of a project in
convenient way to monitor job progresses, schedule
equipment and crews and record project
advancement.

 Disadvantages of Bar chart:


◦ Interdependencies among activities are difficult to
show. The bar chart itself doesn’t provide a basis for
ascertaining which activities are critical and which are
floaters.
◦ It is not an adequate planning and scheduling tool
because it doesn’t portray a detailed, integrated and
complete plan of operations.
◦ Can't tell what the effect of a delay today will have on
the timing of future activities.
Network Scheduling
 Network Scheduling:- is a method of scheduling activities
by joining them in a series of interconnected links, which
reflect relationships of activities by the planner.

Basic Assumptions
 The project can be broken down into a group of activities.
 Each activities can be assigned a duration.
 The logical relationship among activities are known and
fixed in the network chains.
 Network scheduling consists of laying the
activities according to the precedence order
and determining
The start and finish times for each activity
The critical path on which the activities require
special attention and
The slack and float for non critical path
 There are two methods of presenting a Network:- Arrow or
Activity on Arrow and activity on node (Precedence) Diagram
 Activity on arrow Diagram

 Activity on node(Precedence diagram)


BASIC TERMS

 Network- graphic representation of logically and


sequentially connected arrows and nodes
representing activities and events of a project.

 Activity- represents some action which is a time


consuming effort necessary to complete a
particular part of the overall project. Each activity
has a point of time where it begins and a point
where it ends represented by an arrow in a
network.
 Duration - is the amount of time estimated to complete
an activity.
 Duration of activities depends on the quantity of work, the

type of work, the type and quantity of available resources


that may be used to conduct the activity.
 The duration is calculated by dividing the quantity of work

by daily production rate.


 For instance, assume a daily production rate of 50m2 in
preparing a flat slab formwork for an 800m2 to complete
the task:
Duration=800m2 /(50m2 /day) = 16 working days.
 Event: it is a beginning or end point of an activity which
is represented by nodes (a numbered circle). It is a
point in time and it doesn’t consume any resources.
The head event always has a number higher than the
tail event.
◦ Merge event: if the event is the ending event of two or more
activities.
◦ Burst event: If the event happens to be the beginning of two or
more activities.
 Preceding activities: are activities which must
be accomplished before a given event can
occur.
 Succeeding activities: are activities which can’t

be accomplished until an event has occurred.


 Concurrent activities: can be accomplished

side by side.
 NOTE: one activity can be proceeding to a
certain event and succeeding to some other
event or it may be a concurrent activity with
one or more activities.
 Dummy activity: are certain activities which

neither consume time nor resources but are


used simply to represent a connection or a
link between the events are known as
dummies.
COMMON ERRORS

 Looping (cycling) - is drawing an endless


loop in a network. A loop is formed if an
activity were represented as going back in
time.
 Dangling: is to disconnect an activity before

the completion of all the activities in a


network diagram.
 Redundancy: if a dummy activity is the only

activity starting or originating from an event,


it can be eliminated.
RULES OF NETWORK CONSTRUCTION

 Try to avoid arrows which cross each other


 Use straight arrows
 No event can occur until every activity preceding it
has been completed
 An event cannot occur twice, i.e. there must be no
loops
 An activity succeeding an event cannot be started
until that event has occurred.
 Use arrows from left to right; avoid mixing
directions. Vertical arrows may be used if necessary
 Dummies should be introduced if it is
extremely necessary
 The network should have only one entry point

called the start event and one point of


emergence called the end or terminal event.

When numbering events;


Step 1: Give the starting event number 0.
Step 2: give the next number to any unnumbered event whose
predecessor events are each already numbered.
Step 3: Repeat step 2 until all events are numbered.
NOTE: In numbering activities, the head event should be
greater than the tail event of any activity.
Example I: represent the following using a network model.
1. Activity A is the preceding activity of activity B and Activity C
2. Activity D starts immideately after Activity B has been
completed.

Example II: represent the following using a network model.


3. Activity C starts immediately after A and B have been
completed
4. Activity D starts after only B has been completed.
 Example III
Activity Immediate
predecessor
A -
B A
C A
D B,C

21
Example IV : Develop the network logic and draw the network diagram
Network diagram
Exercise
 Construct a network for the project whose
precedence relationships are given below
ACTIVITIES Immediate predecessor
A -
B -
C -
D A
E C
F B,D
G B,D
H E,F
I A
THANK YOU!

25

You might also like