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"Cocomo Ii: Model For Estimating Software Cost": Honors Credit Contract Kapil B. Vyas

COCOMO II is a software cost estimation model developed by Barry Boehm. It has three levels - Application Composition, Early Design, and Post-Architecture. The Early Design model uses function points converted to source lines of code while the Post-Architecture model considers 16 cost drivers. The USC CSSE oversees COCOMO II progress and affiliates include major companies. Extensions to the model are being developed to provide a more comprehensive estimation tool.

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258 views10 pages

"Cocomo Ii: Model For Estimating Software Cost": Honors Credit Contract Kapil B. Vyas

COCOMO II is a software cost estimation model developed by Barry Boehm. It has three levels - Application Composition, Early Design, and Post-Architecture. The Early Design model uses function points converted to source lines of code while the Post-Architecture model considers 16 cost drivers. The USC CSSE oversees COCOMO II progress and affiliates include major companies. Extensions to the model are being developed to provide a more comprehensive estimation tool.

Uploaded by

kbv2842
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“COCOMO II : MODEL FOR ESTIMATING

SOFTWARE COST”

HONORS CREDIT
CONTRACT
Kapil B. Vyas
Contents:

 History
 Current Status
 Architectural View
 Paper Comparison
– Early Design and Post-architecture Models
 Advantages or significant aspects
 Conclusion and Future work
History

 Boehm Barry
– Designed COCOMO II
– BA degree from Harvard in 1957
– MS and PhD degrees from UCLA in 1961 and 1964
– Research Interests include:
 software process modeling, software requirements
engineering, software architectures, software metrics and cost
models, software engineering environments, and knowledge-
based software engineering
– Other contributions:
 Spiral Model of the software process, the Theory W (win-win)
approach
History
 COCOMO II background
– is a well known model used in software cost and schedule
estimation
– research on software cost modeling began with the
extensive 1965 SDC study of the 104 attributes of 169
software projects
– In the late 1970s, several sophisticated software cost
estimating models developed in response to the demand for
control of escalating software costs: RCA PRICE-S, SLIM
– Barry employed by TRW developed a proprietary
algorithmic (or parametric) software cost model
– He wrote the book Software Engineering Economics, which
completely described and explained COCOMO.
Current Status
 The USC CSSE overlooks the progress of COCOMO II
 Their website at http://csse.usc.edu/csse boasts around 42 industry
and government affiliates
 Their affiliates include Cisco, Boeing, IBM, Samsung, Microsoft,
General Dynamics, DARPA
 They have courses wherein 5-student teams develop real-client e-
service applications for campus (and some off-campus) organizations.
 Events:
– Upcoming 2009 CSSE-Annual Research Review at the USC Campus from
March 16 to 19
– International Forum on COCOMO and Systems/Software Cost Modeling on
October 26 to 29 in Washington D.C.
 Available Computerized Editions:
– Costar, Cost Xpert, and Estimate Professional.
Architectural Overview
 Three main models:
– Applications Composition
– Early Design
– Post-Architecture
 Applications model rely on having an integrated computer-
aided software engineering (ICASE) environment
 Post-Architecture model is used once the architecture of the
system is well defined
 Early Design model is a high level model that is used in the
exploration of architectural alternatives or incremental
development strategies.
Early Design and Post Architecture model

 Early Design model


– It uses Unadjusted Function Point (UFP) counts which are
converted to DSI.
– Application adjustment factors are not applied until after
conversion to SLOC.
effort, PMNS = a x Size b x Π EMi (i = 1 to 6)
where a = 2.94 (calibrated from 161projects)
b = 1.01 + 0.01 x Σ SFj (j = 1 to 5)
and EMi - effort multipliers for 6 different cost drivers
SFi - exponential scale factors for 5 cost drivers
NS - implies nominal schedule
Early Design and Post Architecture model

 Post Architecture Model:


– This model is intended mainly for actual development activities.
– It is essentially a modern update to COCOMO 81.
– It considers a wide range of drivers.
– New cost drivers include reusability, documentation needs,
personnel continuity and multi-site teams.
effort, PMNS = a x Size b x Π EMi (i = 1 to 16)
where a = 2.94 (calibrated from 161 projects
b = 1.01 + 0.01 x Σ SFj (j = 1 to 5)
and EMi - effort multipliers for 16 different cost drivers
SFi - exponential scale factors for 5 cost drivers
NS - implies nominal schedule
Significant Aspects of COCOMO II

Aspect Elaboration
Five exponential scale factors precedentedness, development flexibility,
architecture/risk resolution, team cohesion,
process maturity
Adaptation Adjustment Multiplier non-linear cost of assessment and
assimilation, software understanding, and
unfamiliarity for reuse of software
Three sizing options application points, function points, source lines of
code
Three levels of cost model granularity Application Composition, Early Design,
Post-Architecture
Three development processes waterfall, MBASE, incremental
New cost drivers software reuse, required documentation, personnel
continuity, and multiple development sites

Bayesian calibration historical data plus expert judgment


Conclusion and Future Work
 Recent work on COCOMO methodology at the USC Center for
Software Engineering has focused on developing extensions to
 work to unify the various models into a single, comprehensive
estimation tool. new models based on COCOMO II
 A COCOMO II extension is an estimation model that uses the
output of COCOMO II and modifies it in various ways.
 A new model is one based on the COCOMO approach to
model building but which requires its separate inputs.
 New models can be used in conjunction with COCOMO II if
desired.
 Information about COCOMO II extensions and new models can
be found on the web site for the USC Center for Software
Engineering.

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