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Variance of Discrete Proba Distri

The document discusses the variance of a discrete probability distribution. It provides an example where tiles numbered 1-4 are picked 15 times with varying frequencies. The mean is calculated as 2.53. Variance is defined as the average of the squared deviations from the mean, weighted by their probabilities. Two formulas for calculating variance are given. The standard deviation is also introduced as the square root of the variance, a common measure of variability. Worked examples are shown to calculate the variance of 0.65 from the tile picking experiment data.

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67 views

Variance of Discrete Proba Distri

The document discusses the variance of a discrete probability distribution. It provides an example where tiles numbered 1-4 are picked 15 times with varying frequencies. The mean is calculated as 2.53. Variance is defined as the average of the squared deviations from the mean, weighted by their probabilities. Two formulas for calculating variance are given. The standard deviation is also introduced as the square root of the variance, a common measure of variability. Worked examples are shown to calculate the variance of 0.65 from the tile picking experiment data.

Uploaded by

nhb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIANCE OF

DISCRETE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
Suppose four tiles
numbered 1, 2,3, and 4
are in a jar . A tile
picked and returned in
the jar 15 times .
TILE Number of
times picked
1 2
2 4
3 8
4 1

The mean of expected value


E(X) is 2.53
 

The Variance denoted by 2 or


V(X) of any random variable
X, could be computed by
getting the average of the
product of the squared
deviations from the mean of
X and their corresponding
probabilities .
The Variance V(X) as described
in the example above is:
V(X) =∑[x-E(X)] f(x)2

Formula 1 for variance


By mathematical manipulation and
through the idea of property that the
sum of all the probabilities or f(x) in
random variable is 1, it follows that the
variance can also be computed as:
V(X) =E(X ) - [E(X)]
2 2

Formula 2 for variance


Note: Formula 2 is usually
used as the computational
formula because the use of
formula 1 can sometimes be
more difficult especially if
Aside from the variance , the
standard deviation is usually
used as a measure of
variability .As in any set of
data , the standard deviation
of a random variable , say X, is
Sd(X) =√V(X )
Example 1.
From the experiment
above , we can use x to
represent the tiled number
and change the “number of
times picked” to f(x) by
dividing each of its value by
15 , thus the table becomes:
x F(x)
1 2/15
2 4/15
3 8/15
4 1/15
Example 2.
From the experiment above ,
we can use x to represent the
tiled number, and change the
“number of times picked” to
f(x) by dividing each of its
value by 15, thus the table
becomes:
x f(x) xf(x) x-E(X) [x-E(X)]2 [x-E(X)]2f(x)
1 2/15 2/15 -1.53 2.341 0.312
2 4/15 8/15 -0.53 0.281 0.075
3 8/15 24/15 0.47 0.221 0.118
4 1/15 4/15 1.47 2.161 0.144

E(X)= 2.53 V(X)= 0.65

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