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Computer Interfacing - Lecture1

The document discusses computer interfacing. It provides an introduction to interfacing computers with peripheral and external devices. The course contents include topics like computer buses, data acquisition systems, buffering interfaces, stepper motors, programmable peripheral interfaces, parallel ports, serial ports and USB ports. References for further reading are also provided. The document then defines computer interfacing as constructing a system to facilitate data input/output between the computer and external processes or devices.

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mohamed farag
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283 views

Computer Interfacing - Lecture1

The document discusses computer interfacing. It provides an introduction to interfacing computers with peripheral and external devices. The course contents include topics like computer buses, data acquisition systems, buffering interfaces, stepper motors, programmable peripheral interfaces, parallel ports, serial ports and USB ports. References for further reading are also provided. The document then defines computer interfacing as constructing a system to facilitate data input/output between the computer and external processes or devices.

Uploaded by

mohamed farag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Interfacing

Lecture 1
Computer interfacing

The goal of this course is to introduce


hardware and software design techniques and
issues for interfacing computers with
peripheral and external devices.
Computer interfacing
Course contents:
 Introduction to computer interfacing.
 History of microprocessors.
 Computer Buses.
 Data Acquisition System.
 Buffering interface.
 Stepper Motors.
 Programmable Peripheral Interface.
 Parallel Port.
 Serial Port.
 USB Port.
Computer interfacing
1. Bill Buchanan, "Computer Buses", Taylor &
Francis, 2010
2. George Smith, "Computer Interfacing",
Newnes, 2000.
3. Mohamed I. Eladway, “Computer
Interfacing”. 2010.
Computer interfacing - Definition

Construct a system that facilitate data inputting


or outputting to/from the computer in order to
control processes that occur outside the
computer case.
Computer interfacing

Computer
Computer Interfacing-Definitions

Interface specifications….
A set of technical requirements that must be
meet at an interface.
Computer interfacing
Why???????
 ƒHigh speed ƒ Programming flexibility
 Mass storage of data ƒ
 Data analysis and visualization ƒ
 Low cost (relatively)
Computer Architecture
• Computer system main components:
– Microprocessor
– Memory
– Input/Output units
• Main computer buses:
– Address bus
– Data bus
– Control bus
What is Microprocessor?
• Microprocessor is a programmable device
• It can be instructed to perform given tasks
within its capability.
• The programmer selects instruction from the
list and determines the sequence of execution
for a given task.
• It takes input from the input device and
process the input according to a stored
program then gives the output.
The Microprocessor

A typical microprocessor must have as a minimum:

– ALU
– Registers
– Control Unit
The Microprocessor

Z 80 Architecture

Block diagram of microprocessor


The Microprocessor
Important requirements:
 Must be relatively simple
 Reasonably small
 The designer must have access to all features of the
microprocessor – bus, memory, registers, all I/O ports,
 Must be programmed in some convenient programming
language.
 Can interact with the outside world through the
input/output ports.
The Microprocessor

In short, Microprocessors are components with


flexible features that the engineer can configure
and program to perform task or a series of tasks.
The Microprocessor
Limitations on the tasks that microprocessors
could perform:

 The limitations of the microprocessor itself.

 The imagination (or capabilities) of the designer.


The Microprocessor
Characteristics which differentiate microprocessors:

• Instruction set: The set of instructions that the


microprocessor can execute.

• Bandwidth : The number of bits processed in a single


instruction.

• Clock speed : Given in megahertz (MHz), Gegahertz (GHz).


The clock speed determines how many instructions per
second the processor can execute.
The Microprocessor-History
• Intel's 4004 is considered the first
microprocessor .

– Frequency 0.74 MHz


– Data width 4 bit
– 2000 transistors ƒ
The Microprocessor-History
• The 4004 was later followed in 1972 by the
8008, the world's first 8-bit microprocessor.
The Microprocessor-History

• Then is the 8080 microprocessor evolved in


1974.

• Then comes 8085 that is the 8 bit


microprocessor
The Microprocessor
Progress has advanced at a pace since 1971.

•There have been four generations of microprocessors.

•The bandwidth has been increased from 4 bit, 8 bit,12, 32, 64 bit

•The number of devices per chip has been increased by a factor of 2000, clock
frequency by a factor of 1000.

•The overall throughput of a microprocessor has increased by hundreds or several


hundreds of magnitude.

•Multicore architecture has been introduced.


The Microprocessor

The Bobcat c- series:


– Produced 2011.
– 64-bit microprocessor
– Single core, Dual core
– Frequency (GHz): up to 1.2
– Ultra low power (<10W)
The Microprocessor
Cortex-A15 MPCore:

 Produced 2011 by Designed by ARM Holdings


 Bandwidth 32 bit
 Multicore architecture 4 cores per cluster, up to 2
clusters per chip.
 Introduced for smart phones, tablets, mobile
computers and digital home entertainment devices.
 Clock rate of up to 2.5 gigahertz…

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