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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY r1

Social Learning Theory proposes that people can learn through observation alone, without direct reinforcement or punishment. We learn behaviors both by directly experiencing reinforcement and punishment, and by observing others perform behaviors and the consequences they receive. There are four main types of observational learning effects: inhibition, disinhibition, facilitation, and observational learning. For observational learning to occur, one must pay attention to the modeled behavior, retain it through memory, and be motivated to imitate or reproduce the behavior. Reinforcement, both direct and vicarious, plays an important role in motivation. Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that children will imitate aggressive behaviors they observe in adults.

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122 views11 pages

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY r1

Social Learning Theory proposes that people can learn through observation alone, without direct reinforcement or punishment. We learn behaviors both by directly experiencing reinforcement and punishment, and by observing others perform behaviors and the consequences they receive. There are four main types of observational learning effects: inhibition, disinhibition, facilitation, and observational learning. For observational learning to occur, one must pay attention to the modeled behavior, retain it through memory, and be motivated to imitate or reproduce the behavior. Reinforcement, both direct and vicarious, plays an important role in motivation. Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that children will imitate aggressive behaviors they observe in adults.

Uploaded by

JUNRELL PEROTE
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOCIAL LEARNING

THEORY
Social Learning
◻ Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not
account for all types of learning.
◻ Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of
learning can be used to explain a wide variety of
behaviors.
◻ Social Learning Theory We learn not only how to perform
behavior but also what will happen to us in a specific
situation if we do perform it.

What behaviors have you learned just by


watching other people?
Types of Observational
Learning Effects
1. INHIBITION - to learn not to do something that we
already knowhow to do because a model being
observed refrains from behaving in that way or does
something different from what is intended to be done.
2. DISINHIBITION - to learn to exhibit a behavior that is
usually disapproved of by most people because a model
does the same without being punished.
3. FACILITATION – to be prompted to do something that is
not ordinarily done because of insufficient motivation.

4. OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING – to learn a new behavior


pattern by watching and imitating the performance of
someone else.
Elements of
Observational
Learning
The Process: Attention
◻ In order to learn, you need to be paying
attention. Anything that detracts your
attention is going to have a negative
effect on observational learning.
◻ If the model interesting or there is a novel
aspect to the situation, you are far more
likely to dedicate your full attention to
learning.

Aside from simply watching


others around us , where
else do we “observe” human
behaviors?
The Process: Retention

 Aside from simply watching others


around us , where else do we “observe”
human behaviors?

Why is it important to remember the behaviors?


The Process: Motivation
 Finally, in order for
observational learning to be
successful, you have to be
motivated to imitate the
behavior that has been
modeled. Reinforcement and
punishment play an
important role in motivation.

 What type or reward might


you get for knowing proper
place settings?
Three Forms of Reinforcement

1. Direct Reinforcement- Occurs when an individual


watches a model perform, imitates that behavior and is
reinforced or punished by some individual
2. Vicarious Reinforcement- The observer anticipates
receiving reward for behaving in a given way because
someone else has-been so rewarded.
3. Self –Reinforcement- The individuals strives to meet
personal standards and does not depend on or care
about their action of others.
The Bobo Doll
Experiment
 These aggressive responses included hitting the doll
and shouting at it. Bandura discovered that children
imitated the adult’s behavior
 The experiment involved exposing children to two
different adult models; an aggressive model and a non-
aggressive one. After witnessing the adult's behavior, the
children would then be placed in a room without the
model and were observed to see if they would imitate the
behaviors they had witnessed earlier

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