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Data Link Layer

The document discusses the data link layer, which provides services and error control for data transmission between adjacent network nodes. It describes functions like framing, error detection, flow control, and addressing. The data link layer consists of a logical link control sublayer and a media access control sublayer. The MAC sublayer manages access to the shared medium and implements protocols like CSMA/CD or token passing. Common data link protocols discussed include HDLC, PPP, and those defined by IEEE 802 standards.

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88 views

Data Link Layer

The document discusses the data link layer, which provides services and error control for data transmission between adjacent network nodes. It describes functions like framing, error detection, flow control, and addressing. The data link layer consists of a logical link control sublayer and a media access control sublayer. The MAC sublayer manages access to the shared medium and implements protocols like CSMA/CD or token passing. Common data link protocols discussed include HDLC, PPP, and those defined by IEEE 802 standards.

Uploaded by

Hungry Lady
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Data Link Layer

Data Link Layer Design Issues


• Services Provided to the Network Layer
• Framing
• Error Control
• Flow Control
Functions of the Data Link Layer
• Access to Media
• Provides reliable transfer of data across media
• Transmits frames node to node based on station
address
• Provide service interface to the network layer
• Frame
• Network Topology
• Error Detection :
- Dealing with transmission errors
• Physical Addressing
• Flow Control :
- Regulating data flow
– Slow receivers not swamped by fast senders
MAC and LLC
a) In any broadcast network, the stations must ensure that only one station transmits at a time on the shared communication channel
b) The protocol that determines who can transmit on a broadcast channel are called Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol
c) The MAC protocol are implemented
in the MAC sublayer which is the
lower sublayer of the data link layer
d) The higher portion of the data link
layer is often called Logical Link
Control (LLC)

to Network Layer

Logical Link
Control
Medium Access

Layer
Data Link
Control

to Physical Layer

5
OSI
Application
Presentation
Session LOGICAL LINK sublayer
Transport Framing
Network Error control
Flow control
Data Link
Physical

MEDIA ACCESS sublayer


Transmission/reception of frames
IEEE 802 Standards
IEEE 802 standard
IEEE Higher
Reference Layer
802.1 Model
Logical Link
802.2 Control Data Link
Medium Layer
Access
802.3

802.4

802.5

802.6 Control
Physical Physical
Layer Layer

a)IEEE 802 is a family of standards for LANs, which defines an


LLC
7 and several MAC sublayers
LLC – Logical Link Control
a) Provides services to Network Layer
b) Establishment and control of Logical Links between local
devices on network.
c) Hides the details of Data link layer
d) Allow different technologies to work seamlessly with higher
layers.
e) Most Local area networking technologies use the IEEE 802.2
LLC Protocol
MAC- Medium Access Control
a) Procedures used by devices to control access to the network
medium.

b) It is necessary to have rules for managing the medium to avoid


conflicts.

c) For example Etherenet uses the CSMA/CD method of media


access control, while token ring uses token passing.
Services Provided to Network Layer

(a) Virtual communication.


(b) Actual communication.
Functions of the Data Link Layer (2)

Relationship between packets and frames.


Services Provided to Network Layer
(2)

Placement of the data link protocol.


Framing

Bit stuffing
(a) The original data.
(b) The data as they appear on the line.
(c) The data as they are stored in receiver’s memory after destuffing.
Error Detection and Correction

• Error-Correcting Codes
• Error-Detecting Codes
Error-Correcting Codes

Use of a Hamming code to correct burst errors.


Error-Detecting Codes

Calculation of the polynomial code checksum.


Flow Control Protocol:
Sliding Window Protocols
• A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol
• A Protocol Using Go Back N
• A Protocol Using Selective Repeat
Sliding Window Protocols (2)

A sliding window of size 1, with a 3-bit sequence number.


(a) Initially.
(b) After the first frame has been sent.
(c) After the first frame has been received.
(d) After the first acknowledgement has been received.
A Protocol Using Go Back N

Pipelining and error recovery. Effect on an error when


(a) Receiver’s window size is 1.
(b) Receiver’s window size is large.
A Sliding Window Protocol Using Selective Repeat (5)

(a) Initial situation with a window size seven.


(b) After seven frames sent and received, but not acknowledged.
(c) Initial situation with a window size of four.
(d) After four frames sent and received, but not acknowledged.
Protocol Verification

• Finite State Machined Models


• Petri Net Models
Finite State Machined Models

(a) State diagram for protocol 3. (b) Transmissions.


Petri Net Models

A Petri net with two places and two transitions.


Petri Net Models (2)

A Petri net model for protocol 3.


Example Data Link Protocols

• HDLC – High-Level Data Link Control


• The Data Link Layer in the Internet
High-Level Data Link Control

Frame format for bit-oriented protocols.


High-Level Data Link Control (2)

Control field of
(a) An information frame.
(b) A supervisory frame.
(c) An unnumbered frame.
The Data Link Layer in the Internet

A home personal computer acting as an internet host.


PPP – Point to Point Protocol

The PPP full frame format for unnumbered mode operation.


PPP – Point to Point Protocol (2)

A simplified phase diagram for bring a line up and down.


PPP – Point to Point Protocol (3)

The LCP frame types.

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