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Database Systems: Ms. Anum Hameed

This document provides an overview of database systems. It defines key terms like database, data, information, and metadata. It explains the growth and importance of databases by describing limitations of conventional file processing like program-data dependence, data duplication, and limited data sharing. The document presents examples to illustrate problems with redundant data and how a database approach using a database management system provides a centralized solution.

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48 views

Database Systems: Ms. Anum Hameed

This document provides an overview of database systems. It defines key terms like database, data, information, and metadata. It explains the growth and importance of databases by describing limitations of conventional file processing like program-data dependence, data duplication, and limited data sharing. The document presents examples to illustrate problems with redundant data and how a database approach using a database management system provides a centralized solution.

Uploaded by

Wajiha's World
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE

SYSTEMS

LECTURE 1
Ms. Anum Hameed

Database Systems
Lecture Outline
 Definition of terms
 Explain growth and importance of databases
 Name limitations of conventional file processing

Database Systems
Definitions
 Database: organized collection of logically related
data
 Data: stored representations of meaningful objects
and events
◦ Structured: numbers, text, dates
◦ Unstructured: images, video, documents
 Information: data processed to increase knowledge
in the person using the data
 Metadata: data that describes the properties and
context of user data

Database Systems
Figure 1-1a Data in context

Context helps users understand data

Database Systems
Figure 1-1b Summarized data

Graphical displays turn data into useful


information that managers can use for
decision making and interpretation

Database Systems
Descriptions of the properties or characteristics of the
data, including data types, field sizes, allowable
values, and data context

Database Systems
Disadvantages of File Processing
 Program-Data Dependence
◦ All programs maintain metadata for each file they use
 Duplication of Data
◦ Different systems/programs have separate copies of the same data
 Limited Data Sharing
◦ No centralized control of data
 Lengthy Development Times
◦ Programmers must design their own file formats
 Excessive Program Maintenance
◦ 80% of information systems budget

Database Systems
Problems with Data Dependency
 Each application programmer must maintain
his/her own data
 Each application program needs to include code
for the metadata of each file
 Each application program must have its own
processing routines for reading, inserting,
updating, and deleting data
 Lack of coordination and central control
 Non-standard file formats

Database Systems
Figure 1-3 Old file processing systems at Pine Valley
Furniture Company
Duplicate Data

Database Systems
Problems with Data Redundancy
Waste of space to have duplicate data
Causes more maintenance headaches
The biggest problem:
◦ Data changes in one file could cause
inconsistencies
◦ Compromises in data integrity

Database Systems
SOLUTION:
The DATABASE Approach
Central repository of shared data
Data is managed by a controlling agent
Stored in a standardized, convenient form

Requires a Database Management System (DBMS)


Database Systems
References:
■ Modern Database Management by Fred McFadden, Jeffrey
Hoofer, Mary Prescott, Prentice Hall; 11th Edition (July 26,
2012). ISBN-10: 0132662256.

Database Systems

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