BSc Instrumentation

Fourth Semester
Core Course Paper
MICROPROCESSORS ARCHITECTURE AND
PROGRAMMING
Module iV
SANAL KUMAR S
Asst Professor
Dept of Instrumentation
NSS College, Nemmara, Palakkad.
678508

Dept of Instrumentation, NSS College , Nemmara 1

 Module IV

1. Introduction to 8086/88 microprocessors –

overview.
2. 8086 internal architecture. The execution unit,
BIU, Registers, Flags.
3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.
4. Addressing modes.

Dept of Instrumentation, NSS College , Nemmara 2

1) Introduction to 8086/88 microprocessors – overview.

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1) Introduction to 8086/88 microprocessors – overview.

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1) Introduction to 8086/88 microprocessors – overview.

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2.8086 internal architecture. The execution unit, BIU, Registers, Flags.

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2.8086 internal architecture. The execution unit, BIU, Registers, Flags.

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2.8086 internal architecture. The execution unit, BIU, Registers, Flags.

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2.8086 internal architecture. The execution unit, BIU, Registers, Flags.

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2.8086 internal architecture. The execution unit, BIU, Registers, Flags.

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2.8086 internal architecture. The execution unit, BIU, Registers, Flags.

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2.8086 internal architecture. The execution unit, BIU, Registers, Flags.

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

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 3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

Memory segmentation is nothing which is the methods where whole memory is divided
into the smaller parts. In 8086 microprocessor memory are divided into four parts which
is known as the segments. These segments are data segment, code segment, stack
segment and extra segment.

The total memory size is divided into segments of various sizes. A segment is just an
area in memory. The process of dividing memory this way is called Segmentation.

In memory, data is stored as bytes. Each byte has a specific address. Intel 8086 has 20
lines address bus. With 20 address lines, the memory that can be addressed is 2 power20
bytes. 2power20= 1,048,576 bytes (1 MB). 8086 can access memory with address It
ranges fro m 0 0 0 0 H t o FFFFFH

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.
In 8086, memory has four different types of segments. These are:
Code Segment
Data Segment
Stack Segment
Extra Segment

Each of these segments are addressed by an address stored in corresponding segment

register. These registers are of 16-bit in size. Each register stores the base address
(starting address) of the corresponding segment. Because the segment registers cannot
store 20 bits, they only store the upper 16 bits.

CREATION OF A 20 BIT PHYSICAL ADDRESS

How is a 20-bit address obtained if there are only 16- bit registers?
The 20-bit address of a byte is called its physical Address.
But, it is specified as a Logical Address.
Logical address is in the form of: Base Address : Offset
Offset is the displacement of the memory location from the starting location of the
segment

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

CREATION OF A 20 BIT PHYSICAL ADDRESS

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 3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.
The 8086 addresses a segmented memory.
The complete physical address which is 20-bits long is generated using segment and offset
registers each of the size 16-bit.
The content of a segment register also called as segment address, and content of an offset
register also called as offset address.
To get total physical address, put the lower nibble 0H to segment address and add offset
address. The figure shows the formation of 20-bit physical address.

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

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3. Segmentation, physical address calculation.

PA = DS*10 + IP

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4. Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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4.Addressing modes.

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Short Questions and Answers

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