COURSE TITLE: Contemporary Architecture L -3 T -0 P -0 Cr 3
COURSE CODE: ARC316
CA CATEGORY: A23
EXAM CATEGORY: 55
WEEK NO.: 5 LECTURE NO. # 11
LECTURE DETAIL :
POST MODERN ARCHITECTURE
(CHARLES CORREA)
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Mostafizur Rehman UID: 19838
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTION
•Charles Correa, in full Charles Mark Correa.
•Born in Secundrabad, India in 1930.
•Kevin lynch , then in the process of
developing his themes for image of the
city triggered Correa’s interest in urban
issues.
•Correa's work in India shows a careful
development, understanding and
adaptation of Modernism to a non-western
Charles Correa is an Indian architect and culture.
urban planner, particularly noted for his
sensitivity to the needs of the urban •Correa's early works attempt to explore a
poor and for his use of traditional local vernacular within a modern
methods and materials environment.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
EDUCATION AND CAREER
YEAR DESCRIPTION
1946-1948 Inter-science. St. Xavier's college, university of Bombay.
EDUCATION 1949-1953 B.Arch., University of Michigan.
1953-1955 M.Arch., Massachusetts institute of technology
1955-1958 Partner with G.M. BHUTA associates
1958 To date In private practice
1964-1965 Prepared master plan proposing twin city across the harbor
CAREER from Bombay.
1969-1971 invited by the govt. of Peru
1971-1975 Chief architect to CIDCO
1975-1976 Consultant to UN secretory-general for HABITAT
1975-1983 Chairman Housing Urban Renewal & Ecology Board
1985 Chairman Dharavi planning commission
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Correa's early works attempt to explore a local vernacular within a modern
environment. His land-use planning and community projects continually try to
go beyond typical solutions to third world problems.
His emphasis on the use of local materials can be seen to reflect Indian
vernacular architecture, which focuses on the needs of local people with
regards to social needs and weather conditions, and the use of locally-sourced
produce and craftsmanship. This is beneficial especially when building in low-
income areas.
He combines vernacular and modern concepts to create designs that
support the cultural identity of a place and community and eventually lead to
sustainable architecture.
He forever stresses the importance of social issues and the need for quality
low-income housing, his builds range from institutional to public, urban
planning to memorials and housing projects.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Correa Explode Local Vernacular With Modern Environment.
Efficient Use Of Precious Space.
Careful Attention To Natural Ventilation And Comfortable Accomodation To
Crowded Life Style.
Pergolas Were Provided To Give A Marvlous Light And Shadow.
Solids And Voids Were Provided Together.
Correa Believed In Using The Site Features.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
PHILOSPHY AND THEMES
• His housing designs use courtyards and screen to
protect from the hot sun while expanding the
useful living area according to the Season of the
year.
• The factor accounts for the Correa’s
preoccupation with what it calls “open to sky -
space “ a paradigm that , irrespective of its
many variation ,is still a pervasive theme in his
architecture.
• The second crucial formulation particularly suited
to hot dry climate , and was also called as
“ tube housing “ a form that concieved as a mean
for conserving energy in the society that , in the
main that ,cannot afford air – conditioning .
• He also use to give over head elements to define
space below as in Tara Housing, Delhi LIC centre.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
• TUBE HOUSING :
In this tube dwelling each unit is shaped so that the hot air rises up
escapes from the top , setting up conventional currents of natural ventilation .
Inside the dwelling there is almost no door; privacy being created by various
levels themselves , and security by Pargola-grid over the internal courtyard.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
• OPEN TO SKY SPACE :
This configuration creates a central landscaped area , a kind of Humidified zone
which provide both circulation as well as major Community space for function .
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
CONCEPT: OPEN TO SKY
COURTYARDS AND TERRACES
Particularly for the lowest income group even in dense housing, individual terraces can be
given
Such spaces not only improve living conditions but also has economic value in developing
countries like India
These principles are viable also in high rises where the issue is compounded by hot and
humid climate eg. Kanchenjunga apartments
E MACHINE FOR LIVING
Another equally critical parameter: Energy. architects have depended more and more on
the mechanical engineer to provide light and air within the building.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
PRINCIPLES
Few principles in his work:
Few Cardinal Principles In His Vast Body Of
Work;
•Incrementality
•Pluralism
•Participation
•Income Generation
•Equity
•Open-to-sky Space
•Disaggregation.
Note:-- Belapur housing being the one project
where he has literally used these principles.
Basic concept behind his designs :He combines vernacular and modern
concepts to create designs that support the cultural identity of a place and
community and eventually lead to sustainable architecture.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
Ramakrishna House, Ahemdabad
Location: Ahmedabad, Gujarat,
India
Client: Ramkrishna
Project Duration: 1962 - 1964
RAMAKRISHNA HOUSE, AHEMDABAD
•A CLIMATE RESPONSIVE HOUSE IN TROPICAL CLIMATE;
• RAMKRISHNA HOUSE IN AHMEDABAD BY CHARLES CORREA, 1962-64.
This large residence, built for one of
Ahmedabad's mill owners, is based on
the spatial and climatic concepts
developed in the Tube House and the
Hindustan Lever Pavillion.
The plan sets up a series of parallel
bearing walls, punctuated by interior
courts and "cannon", climaxing in the
living room which opens out onto the
main garden to the south.
The house is placed at the northern end
of the site so as to maximize the size of
this garden and to enhance the spatial
sequence of getting there.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
RAMAKRISHNA HOUSE, AHEMDABAD
FEATURES
The Ramkrishna house was built in the 60´s, while
socialism was dominating in India.
This as well as a focus on climate issues, lead Correa
to develop concepts for houses with natural ventilation.
During examining the effect of climate on architecture,
he found that spaces that are open to the sky has a
positive effect on the atmosphere and quality of life
inside.
The open roof also suited the Indian climate.
The Ramkrishna house is built with the same energy-
passive concepts that was developed for the Tube House
and the Hindustan Lever Pavillion.
These houses are bulit in a hot-dry climate and
provides a natural flow of the air, so that the hot air are
ventilated out through the top-light “cannon” openings.
These openings also provides natural lighting for the
house.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
RAMAKRISHNA HOUSE, AHEMDABAD
PLAN
CANNON OPENING
SECTION
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
RAMAKRISHNA HOUSE, AHEMDABAD
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
The design of the house is closely connected to
the climatic challenges.
The long and narrow shape as well as the
openings in the roof are important for the flow
of air.
The number of doors and windows are
minimized to improve the air movement in the
house.
The openings in the roof are angled to
minimize the heat that are absorbed inside.
The house is situated in the north edge of the
site to maximize the garden in south, witch the
main living areas are faced towards.
Materials used are brick and concrete, with a
number of parallel walls to bear the construction.
The interior courts that are top-lit by the roof
openings.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
Kanchenjunga Apartments
INTRODUCTION
KANCHENJUNGA APARTMENTS
BOMBAY (1970-1983)
Name Of Project : Kanchejunga Apartments
Began : 1970
Completion : 1974
Contributed : Sahil Latheef
Architect : Charles Correa Associate
Structure Engineer : Shirish Patel & Association
Construction Pvt.Ltd
Structure Type : High Rise Building
Location : India, Mumbai, Cumballa Hill
Height : 84 m
Floor : 27
Function : Housing (Residential)
Type : modern
Structure Material : concrete
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
• Kanchenjunga apartment is a 28 storey Tower , with its concrete
construction and large areas of white panels , bears a strong
resemblance to modern interpretation of a feature of the traditional
Indian bungalow-the verandah.
SITE PLAN
• In this building Correa had
provided each of his apartment
with a deep ,two storey high
garden terrace that is oriented
away from the sun so as to afford
protection from the elements.
NORTH
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE SITE
EVOLUTION
INTRODUCTION
• In Bombay a building has to be oriented east-west to catch the prevailing sea-breezes
and to open up the best views in the city : the Arabian sea on one side and the harbor
on the other.
• Kanchenjunga an attempt to apply the principles (wrapping a protective layer of
verandah around the main living areas )to a high rise building , is a interlock of 32
luxury apartments of four different types varying from 3 to 6 bedrooms each.
• Smaller displacements of levels.
• Its minimalist unbroken surfaces are cut away to open up the double height terrace
gardens at the corner ,suspended in the air(through the interlocking form and colour).
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
• Service area is very significant in this project.
• Parking has been provided in the basement
and at the ground floor.
• Service for each unit is carefully designed ,
12% to15% of each unit area has been
provided for services.
• The building has a common lobby to
approach in the main structure.
• It can be mentioned that the distance from
two different roads to the common lobby are
150’-0” and 90’-0” respectively.
• Interlocking of these variations expressed
externally by shear end walls that hold up
the cantilevers.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURE :
• Whole structure is made up of
reinforced concrete.
• The building is a 28- storeyed
reinforced concrete structure with
6.3 m CANTILIVERED OPEN •The garden terraces
TERRACES . of Kanchanjunga
apartments are
• The central core of 7.8m X 6.9m actually a modern
Houses Lifts and other services and interpretation of a
also provides the main structural feature of the
element for resisting lateral loads.
traditional Indian
bungalow; Veranda.
• The central core was constructed
ahead of the main structure by slip- •In India and other
form method of construction. This Asian countries, one
technique was used for the first finds a predominance
time in India for a multistory of reds and yellows.
building.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
ORGANISATION OF SPACE AND NATURAL
LIGHT VENTILATION
TRANSPARENCY- through open spaces and
terrace gardens
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
HOMEWORK/ REVISION/ QUESTIONS:
Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
MODULARITY
MATERIAL AND COLOR
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
• The tower has a
proportion of 1:4
(being 21 m square
and 84 m high).
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
UNIT-APTARTMENTS –A,B,C,D
Type A :- It consists of 3 bedroom and the area is 3800 sq. ft. approximately.
UPPER FLOOR LOWER FLOOR
V
I
E
W
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
Type B :- It consists of 3 bedroom and the area is 2846 sq. ft. approximately.
UNIT-APT.
VIE
W
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
Type C :- It consists of 5 bedroom and the area is 4751 sq. ft. approximately.
UPPER FLOOR LOWER FLOOR
UNIT-APT.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION
Type D :- It consists of 4 bedroom and the area is 4751 sq. ft. approximately.
UPPER FLOOR LOWER FLOOR
UNIT-APT.
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
Gandhi Smarak Sangrehalya, Ahemdabad
GANDHI SMARAK SANGREHALYA, AHEMDABAD
Material used:
•Tiled roof
•Brick wall
•Stone floor
• Wooden floor
•Light and ventilation by operable wooden louvers
These elements combine to form a pattern of tiled
roofs which are grouped in casual meandering
pattern, creating a pathway along which the visitors
progresses towards the centrality of the water court.
PHILOSOPHY:
•Successfully shows the life of Gandhi ji.
•Minimalist architecture
•Material honesty
•Contemporary architecture WATER COURT AT
•Glow of spaces CENTRE
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
INTRODUCTION GANDHI SMARAK SANGREHALYA, AHEMDABAD
GANDHI ASHRAM ROOF PLAN
SECTION
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
GANDHI SMARAK SANGREHALYA, AHEMDABAD
SITE PLAN
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE NO. 8 Slide No.
HOMEWORK/ REVISION/ QUESTIONS:
REFERENCES
• https://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/03/charles-correa-kanchanjunga-apa
rtments-cumballa-hill-mumbai-1970-1983/
Thank You
LSAD : AD01 : ARCHITECTURE LECTURE 5-6 Slide No.
