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Lecture-3 (Microprocessor Internal Architectres - Flag) NOTES

The 8086 flag register is a 16-bit register that stores status and control flags. It contains 6 status flags that are set or reset based on arithmetic/logical operations to indicate values like zero, carry, sign, and overflow. It also contains 3 control flags that control operations like interrupts and instruction processing direction. Common status flags include the carry flag, zero flag, and sign flag that are useful for conditional operations.

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50 views

Lecture-3 (Microprocessor Internal Architectres - Flag) NOTES

The 8086 flag register is a 16-bit register that stores status and control flags. It contains 6 status flags that are set or reset based on arithmetic/logical operations to indicate values like zero, carry, sign, and overflow. It also contains 3 control flags that control operations like interrupts and instruction processing direction. Common status flags include the carry flag, zero flag, and sign flag that are useful for conditional operations.

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LHK
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8086 Flag Register

Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering


BRAC University
CSE 341 Team
Lecture References:
� Book:
� Microprocessors and Interfacing: Programming and Hardware,
Chapter # 2, Author: Douglas V. Hall

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8086 Flag Register
� 16-Bit register
• 7 bits are undefined/unused (marked by red x in the
figure below)
• 6 status/condition flags (marked by blue circles)
• 3 control flags (those in grey boxes)
� The condition flags are set (1) or reset (0) depending on the
result of an arithmetic/logical operation.
� Control flags control the operations of the CPU
Bit Positions
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

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Status Flags

Flags are useful in programming e.g. when writing conditions such as:
• If answer is zero, do … else …. // zero flag comes in hand here
• If answer is less than zero, do … else …. // sign flag can be used here

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Status Flags
� Carry Flag (CF) - is set to ’1’ when there is an unsigned overflow.

E.g. when you add bytes 255 + 1 (result is not in range 0...255).

When there is no overflow this flag is reset to 0.

� Parity Flag (PF) - set to ’1’ when there is even number of one bits

in result, and reset to ’0’ when there is odd number of one

bits. Even if result is a word only lower 8 bits are analyzed!

� Auxiliary Flag (AF) - set to ’1’  when there is an unsigned

overflow for low nibble (4 bits). 


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Status Flags
� Zero Flag (ZF) - set to ’1’  when result is zero. For non-zero result

this flag is reset to ’0’.

� Sign Flag (SF) - set to ’1’ when result is negative. When result

is positive it is reset to ‘0’. (This flag takes the value of the most

significant bit). 

� Overflow Flag (OF) - set to ’1’ when there is a signed overflow.

For example, when you add bytes 100 + 50.

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NB:
OF is set to 1 if there is a carry from:
• the 7th bit to the 8th bit ONLY or
• from the 8th bit to the 9th bit ONLY
Status Flags If there is a carry from the 7th bit to the 8th bit and from the 8th bit to the 9th
bit at THE SAME TIME then OF = 0

OF=1 AF=0
Set because there is a carry from the 7th bit to the 8th bit Reset because there is NO carry from the
ONLY lower nibble to the upper nibble
Carry 1 1 1

� MOV AL, 50
50h ( 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 )
� MOV BL, 32h
32 ( 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 )
� ADD AL, BL (x 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 )
ZF=0
CF=0 Reset because the answer is NOT zero
Reset because the answer has NO carry
PF=1
Set because the answer has an EVEN
SF=1 number of 1s
Set because the MSB is 1 indicating a
negative answer

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BRAC University
NB:
OF is reset to 0 if:
• there is a carry from the the 7th bit to the 8th bit and from the 8th bit to the
9th bit at THE SAME TIME or
Status Flags • there is NO carry from the the 7th bit to the 8th bit and from the 8th bit to
the 9th bit at THE SAME TIME

OF=0
Reset because there is a carry from the 7th bit to the 8th
bit and from the 8th bit to the 9th bit at THE SAME
TIME

Carry 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AF=1
Set because there IS a carry from the
lower nibble to the upper nibble

� MOV AL, FFh 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1


� MOV BL, 01h 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
� ADD AL, BL 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ZF=1
CF=1 Set because the answer IS zero
Set because the answer has a carry
PF=1
SF=0 Set because the answer has an EVEN
Reset because the MSB is 0 indicating a number of 1s
positive answer

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Control Flags:

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Control Flags:
� Trap Flag (TF) - Used for on-chip single-step debugging.

� Interrupt enable Flag (IF) - when this flag is set


to ’1’ CPU reacts to interrupts from external devices.
� Direction Flag (DF) - this flag is used by some
instructions to process data chains, when this flag is set
to ’0’ - the processing is done forward, when this flag is
set to ‘1’ the processing is done backward.

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Quiz: Status Flag Values?

� MOV AX, ABCDh

� MOV BX, 9876h

� ADD AX, BX

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Thank You !!

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