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Methodology: Literature Review

The document describes the methodology used to experimentally investigate the use of sea shore sand as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. It involves a literature review on previous studies, collection of materials like cement, sea shore sand and coarse aggregate. Tests were conducted on the fine aggregate to determine properties like specific gravity and gradation. A mix design was developed and concrete cubes were cast, cured, and tested to determine the compressive strength at 28 days, which was found to be 19.52 N/mm2 on average. The results show that sea shore sand can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete.

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Shanmugam Balu
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56 views17 pages

Methodology: Literature Review

The document describes the methodology used to experimentally investigate the use of sea shore sand as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. It involves a literature review on previous studies, collection of materials like cement, sea shore sand and coarse aggregate. Tests were conducted on the fine aggregate to determine properties like specific gravity and gradation. A mix design was developed and concrete cubes were cast, cured, and tested to determine the compressive strength at 28 days, which was found to be 19.52 N/mm2 on average. The results show that sea shore sand can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete.

Uploaded by

Shanmugam Balu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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METHODOLOGY

LITERATURE REVIEW
 

 
MATERIAL COLLECTION
 
 
TESTS FOR FINE
 
 
AGGREGATE
 
 
 
MIX DESIGN
 
 
 
CASTING & CURING
 
 
 
 
TESTING THE CUBE
 
 
 
 
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 
 
 

CONCLUSION
 
LITERATURE REVIEW -I

• TITLE :EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CONCRETE USING SEA


• SHORE SAND AS FINE AGGREGATE
•  AUTHOR :Mr.V. Dass Mohan, Asst. Professor, Department of Civil engineering
•  JOURNAL: IOSR JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL AND CIVIL ENGG
•  YEAR : vol- 14 ,Mar –Apr 2015
 
OBJECTIVES:
 
• A study was done with focus on obtaining the documentations regarding
the use of offshore sand in concrete across the world. Although most of the
articles suggested the use of sea sand as a commonly used material for aggregate,
no proper documentations could be obtained regarding the same except in United
Kingdom.
CHAPTER - 2
 
2.MATERIAL COLLECTION
 

• CEMENT 
• A powdery substance made with calcined lime and clay.
It is mixed with water to form mortar or mixed with
sand, gravel, and water to make concrete.
•  In manufacturing of Concrete cubes, OPC – 43 was
used .
•  The word "cement" can be traced back to
the Roman term opus caementicium, used to
describe masonry resembling modern concrete that
was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. 
 
MARINE SAND:
• It is the replacement product of fine aggregate in this project.
• Those particles passing the 4.75mm sieve, and predominantly
retained on the 75µm sieve are called fine aggregate.
• The conventional sources of fine aggregate for locks are river
sand ,artificial sand by crushing rocks.
• Suitable size of the soil particles in this project is 300µm -
150µm
COARSE AGGREGATE (20mm):
• Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. They
give body to the concrete, reduce shrinkage and cost economy.
• The aggregates used for production of Concrete is free from
sound and honeycombed practices
• Those particles that are predominantly retained on the
4.75mm I.S Sieve are called coarse aggregate .
• The nominal size of coarse aggregate with 20mm is used in this
work.
 
CHAPTER-3
• TESTS FOR FINE AGGREGATE
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE
• GRADING OF FINE AGGREGATE
• SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE
• Weight of empty pycnometer (W1) = 655 g
• Weight of pycnometer + soil (W2 ) = 1045 g
• Weight of pycnometer + soil + water (W3 ) = 1700 g
• Weight of pycnometer + water (W4 ) = 1455 g
• Specific gravity of fine aggregate
• = (W2-W1)/ (W2-W1)-(W3-W4)
• = (1045-655)/(1045-635)-(1700-1455)
• Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate = 2.68
• [range = 2.63 to2.85 ]
GRADING OF FINE AGGREGATE
weight of sample = 1000 gms
CUMULA % FINER
SI.NO I.S. SIEVE EMPTY RETAINE RETAINE CUMULA TIVE %
RETAINE
Wt. OF D Wt OF D Wt OF TIVE Wt D (gm

SIEVE SIEVE SOIL RETAINE

(gms) (gms) (gms) D (gms)

1 4.75mm 380 385 5 5 0.5 99.5

2 2.36mm 340 355 15 20 2.0 98

3 1.18mm 360 370 10 30 3.0 97

4 1mm 355 360 5 35 3.5 96.5

5 600µ 305 315 10 45 4.5 95.5

6 300µ 310 675 365 410 41 59

7 150µ 305 880 575 985 98.5 1.5


8 75µ - - - - - -

9 pan 300 315 15 1000 100 0

• CALCULATION
• 1. Effective size of the soil = D10 =0.24
• 2. Uniformity coefficient (Cu) = D60/D10 =0.58/0.24 =2.42
• 3. Coefficient of curvature (Cc) =(D30)2/(D10*D60)
• = (0.38)2/(0.24*0.58)=1.04
• 4. Fineness modulus = total sum of the cumulative % retained
100
 
= 253/100=2.5
• ( Type : Medium sand range 2 to 3.5 mm)
• SIEVE
ANALYSIS

• MIX DESIGN FOR M20


• Grade designation -M20
• Nominal size ofaggregate - 20mm
• Type of cement - OPC 43 grade ofcement
• Minimum cementcontent -320Kg/M3
• Maximum water cementratio -0.45
• Workability - 100mm(slump)
• Maximum cement content -450kg/m3
•  
• TEST DATA ON MATERIALS
 
• Cement used = OPC grade confirming to IS8112
• Chemical admixture =super plasticizer conforming to IS9103
• Specific gravity of cement =3.15
• Specific gravity of coarse aggregate =2.8
• specific gravity of fine aggregate =2.7
 
• TARGET STRENGTHFORMIX PROPORTION 
• Fck=fck+1.65s
• = 20+1.65*4
• = 26.16N/mm2
• SELECTION OF WATER CEMENT RATIO:
• From table 5 of IS 456 maximum water content ratio=0.45 Based on
experience adopt water cement ratio aas 0.40 0.40<0.45 hence ok
• SELECTION OF WATER CONTENT:
• From table 2 maximum water content=186litre Estimated water
content =186+(6/100*186)
• =197litres 
• CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT:
• Water Cement Ratio = 0.45
• Water Content= 197litre
• Cement Content = water content
w/c ratio
= 197/.45
• = 437 Kg/m3
• PROPORTION OF VOLUME OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATE:
• Zone II corrected proportion of volume of coarse aggregate for
water cement ratio= 0.45
• Pumpable concrete thus value should be reduced by 10% Volume
of coarse aggregate=0.48*0.9=0.44
• Volume of fine aggregate=1-.044=.56
• MIX CALCULATIONS:
• Volume of concrete=1m3
• Volume of cement =mass of cement/(specific gravity of cement*1/1000)
• =437/3.15*1/1000
• =0.139m3
•  Volume of water=mass of water/specific gravity of water*1/1000
• = 197/1*1/1000
• =0.197m3
• Mass of coarse aggregate=e*volume of coarse aggregate*specific gravity of
Coarse aggregate*1000
• =0.64*0.63*2.8*1000
•  
• =1172Kg/m3
•  Mass of fine aggregate=e*volume of fine aggregate *specific gravity of fine
aggregate*1000
• =0.64*0.37*2.7*1000 
• =664Kg/m3 
• Hence the mix design for M20 = 1: 1.5: 3
• Hence O.K.
CASTING OF CONCRETE CUBE
•The Concrete Cube is made up of using Iron mould at size of 0.15m x 0.15m
x 0.15m.
•The Instruments used at this work at Tray, Trowel, Weight Balance,
measuring jar
CHAPTER-5
TESTING THE CUBE
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST :

MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE
S.NO AREA IN MEAN
CRUSHING STRENGTH IN
mm2 STRENGTH
LOAD IN N/MM2
A
N P/L

1 22500 438.2x103 19.475

2 22500 437.4x103 19.432 19.54

3 22500 439.2x103 19.521


• CALCULATON
• Compressive Strength @ Load
• 28 days = Area
• = 439200 / 22500
• = 19.52 N/mm2
 
COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE:
CUBE AFTER LOAD APPLIED

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