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Normal Distribution

The document discusses key aspects of the normal distribution including: - It is a continuous and symmetrical bell-shaped curve used to model real-world data. - The mean, median and mode coincide at the center and the curve is determined by the standard deviation. - The z-score allows you to standardize a raw score based on the mean and standard deviation of a population. - Lookup tables can be used to find the proportion of the distribution that is above or below given z-scores, or within intervals of z-scores.

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Joy Dizon
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160 views

Normal Distribution

The document discusses key aspects of the normal distribution including: - It is a continuous and symmetrical bell-shaped curve used to model real-world data. - The mean, median and mode coincide at the center and the curve is determined by the standard deviation. - The z-score allows you to standardize a raw score based on the mean and standard deviation of a population. - Lookup tables can be used to find the proportion of the distribution that is above or below given z-scores, or within intervals of z-scores.

Uploaded by

Joy Dizon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2005

2005
 The normal distribution is a descriptive
model that describes real world
situations.
 It is defined as a continuous frequency
distribution of infinite range (can take
any values not just integers as in the
case of binomial and Poisson
distribution).
 This is the most important probability
distribution in statistics and important
tool in analysis of epidemiological data
and management science.
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
 The distribution curve is bell-
shaped
 The curve is symmetrical about
its center
 The mean, median, mode
coincide at the center.
 The width of the curve is
determined by the standard
deviation of the distribution
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
 The tails of the curved flatten
out indefinitely along the
horizontal axis, always
approaching the axis but never
touching it. It is asyptotic to the
base line.
 The total area under the curve
is 1 (or 100%)
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH

In a Standard Normal
Distribution:

The mean (μ ) = 0 and

Standard deviation (σ) =1

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


 A standard normal curve is a
normal probability distribution
that has a mean  = 0 and a
standard deviation  = 1

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
1. Express the given z-value into
three-digit form.
2. Using the z-table, find the first two
digits on the left column.
3. Match the third-digit with the
appropriate column on the right.
4. Read the area (or probability at the
intersection of the row and the
column. This is the required area
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
1. Find the area that corresponds to
z = 1.

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


2. Find the area that
corresponds to z = 1.36
.

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


3. Find the area that
corresponds to z= -2.58
.

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Find the corresponding area of
the following:
1. z = 0.96
2. z = 1.74
3. z = 2.18
4. z = 2.69
5. z = 3.00

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


1. z = 0.96
2. z = 1.74
3. z = 2.18
4. z = 2.69
5. z = 3.00

1. .3315
2. .4591
3. .4854
4. .4964
5. .4987

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


2005
Z = X–μ z=
σ
where: x = given measurement
= population mean
 = population standard deviation
= sample mean
s = sample standard deviation
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
Ex. 1. Given the mean,  = 50, and the
standard deviation,  = 4 of a population
of Reading Scores. Find the z-value that
corresponds to a score X = 58.

 = 4, X = 58

Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the


raw score 58 is 2 in a population
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
54 - 4 58-4 58+4

38 42 46 50 54 58 62

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


2. Locate the z-value that corresponds to a
PE score of 39 given that  = 45 and  = 6.
Given:

 = 6, X = 39

Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the raw score 39 is -1 in a


population distribution. Now with respect to the mean, the
score 39 is below the population mean. Thus the score is
below average.
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
39-6
39+6 45+6

27 33 39 45 51 57 63

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
The required area, as depicted by the shaded
regions under the curve in the figure

Greater than z
At least z
More than z
To the right of z
Above z

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


1. Find the proportion of
the area above z = -1.
2. Find the area greater
than z = 1.

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


The required area is

Less than z
At most z
No more than z
Not greater than z
To the left of z

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


3. Find the area to the left
of z = -1.5
4. Find the area below z =
1.5

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Models when the area required
is between z1 and z2 .

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


5. Find the area between
z = -2 and z = -1.5
6. Find the area between
z = 0.98 and z= 2.58

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Models when the area required
is between -z1 and z2 .

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


7. Find the area between
z = - 1.32 and z = 2.37

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Is a measure of relative
standing. It is a
descriptive measure of
the relationship of a
measurement to the
rest of the data
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
Example:
1.Find the 95th percentile of
a normal curve.
2.Find the upper 10% of the
normal curve.

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Example:
3. The results of a nationwide
aptitude test in mathematics
are normally distributed with
m = 80 and s = 15. What is the
percentile rank of a score of
84?
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
Understanding Test results
Example:
1. The results of a nationwide
aptitude test in mathematics are
normally distributed with m = 80
and s = 15. Find the raw score such
that 70% of the cases are below it.

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH


Understanding Test results
Example:
2. The results of a nationwide
aptitude test in mathematics are
normally distributed with m = 80
and s = 15. what is the score that
divides the distribution such that
99% of the cases is below it.
Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH
Example:
3. The weights of 1, 000
children average 50 kg and
the standard deviation is 5
kg. How many children weigh
between 40 kg and 55 kg?

Tripthi M. Mathew, MD, MPH

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