Scribd
Upload
57 views

Monitoring & Evaluation Slides

This document discusses monitoring and evaluating drug usage. It covers key goals such as understanding drug monitoring concepts, essentials for monitoring drugs, and evaluating drug usage. Drug monitoring deals with optimizing drug response and adjusting doses based on drug levels in body fluids. Commonly monitored drugs include antidepressants, antineoplastics, and antibiotics. Essentials for monitoring include accurate dosing records and drawing blood samples at correct times. Evaluating drug usage ensures appropriate usage and can identify problems through a stepwise process.

Uploaded by

ansir ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
57 views

Monitoring & Evaluation Slides

This document discusses monitoring and evaluating drug usage. It covers key goals such as understanding drug monitoring concepts, essentials for monitoring drugs, and evaluating drug usage. Drug monitoring deals with optimizing drug response and adjusting doses based on drug levels in body fluids. Commonly monitored drugs include antidepressants, antineoplastics, and antibiotics. Essentials for monitoring include accurate dosing records and drawing blood samples at correct times. Evaluating drug usage ensures appropriate usage and can identify problems through a stepwise process.

Uploaded by

ansir ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Hello!

1
MONITORING & EVALUATION
IN PHARMACOLOGY
SOME KEY GOALS OF PRESENTATION

 UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF


MONITORING DRUGS
 ESSENTIALS FOR DRUG MONITORING
 CLINICAL USE OF DRUG MONITORING
 UNDERSTAND THE EVALUATION OF DRUGS
USAGE
 STEPS INVOLVED IN EVALUATING DRUGS
3
A look at the ..

Concept
Of Drug
Monitoring.
4
“ Drug monitoring is a branch
clinical pharmacology which
deals with the optimization of
drug response and individual
adjustment of drug dose by the
use of drug measurement in the
body fluids.

5
CRITERIA
FOR
MONITORING
DRUGS &
SOME DRUGS
THAT MEET
6
Criteria Considered for Drug
Monitoring
▸ The patient’s response to the drug.
▸ The pharmacokinetics of the drugs.
▸ The drug must be easily detectable.
▸ The pharmacokinetics of the drugs must be
established
7
Most Commonly Monitored Drugs

Antidepressants
Antineoplastics
Immunosuppresants
Antibiotics
8
Categories of Most Commonly
Monitored Drugs

Cardiac Glycosides
 Anticoagulants
Antiasthmatics
Antiepileptics
9
Basic Precedure in Monitoring Drugs

10
ESSENTIALS
IN
MONITORIN
G DRUGS
11
Some Essentials In Drug Monitoring

▸ Accurate dispensing of ▸ Recording accurate


drugs with total daily time of
dose and dose intervals administration
etc.

12
Some Essentials In Drug Monitoring

▸ Awareness of possible ▸ Drawing sample


errors during the blood at the correct
administration of time after the
drugs. administration and
from correct sites

13
Some Essentials In Drug Monitoring

▸ Patient’s clinical status

14
Clinical Significance Of Drug
Monitoring
1. 2. 3.
Improving To Facilitate
drug individualize dose
efficacy therapy adjustment

15
A look at the concept of ..

EVALUATION
OF DRUGS

16
“ Drug use evaluation is an
ongoing, systematic, criteria-
based program of medical
evaluations that will help ensure
appropriate medicine use.

17
THE NEED FOR DRUG USE
EVALUATION

▸ Signs of treatment failures


▸ Excessive number of non- formulary medications used
▸ Use of high-cost medicines where less expensive
alternatives exist
▸ Excessive number of medicines within a therapeutic
category

18
A Step-wise Approach To Drug Use
Evaluation
✔
The responsibility falls to the
ESTABLISH
01 RESPONSIBILITY
Drug & Therapeutics Committee
or a subcommittee

✔The scope can be extensive or it


DEVELOP SCOPE
02 can focus on a single aspect of
OF ACTIVITIES
pharmaceutical therapy.
19
A Step-wise Approach To Drug Use
Evaluation

✔Credibility of the drug usage


evaluation relies on criteria that are
ESTABLISH
03 based on evidence-based medicine.
CRITERIA, DEFINE
& ✔A threshold refers to the percentage of
AND ESTABLISH
04 charts or records that will meet or
THRESHOLDS
exceed the established criteria for the
medicine.

20
A Step-wise Approach To Drug Use
Evaluation
✔Drug usage evaluations can be
COLLECT DATA
accomplished as prospective
05 AND ORGANIZE
evaluations, or they can be
RESULTS
performed retrospectively.

✔Data are collected, tabulated,


ANALYSE DATA
06 and analysed to see if criteria
and thresholds are met.
21
A Step-wise Approach To Drug Use
Evaluation
✔The DTC must decide on whether
DEVELOP to continue, discontinue, or expand
07 RECOMMENDATIONS the functions of the drug usage
AND ACTION evaluation in question.

CONDUCT DRUG ✔Follow-up in every drug usage


USAGE evaluation is critical to ensure
08
EVALUATION resolution of any unresolved medicin
22 FOLLOW-UP use problems.
OBJECTIVES OF DRUGE USE
EVALUATION
▸ Ensuring that the pharmaceutical therapy meets
current standards of care
▸ Promoting optimal medication therapy
▸ Preventing medication-related problems
▸ Identifying specific medicine use problems that
require further evaluation

23
OBJECTIVES OF A DRUGE USE
EVALUATION
▸ Creating guidelines (criteria) for appropriate
medicine use
▸ Enhancing accountability in the medicine use
process
▸ Controlling pharmaceutical cost

24
Problems Associated With Drug Use
Evaluation

▸ Overly intrusive ▸ Inadequate ▸ Lack of authority


data collection follow-ups and organization
and evaluation

25
Conclusion
26
Thanks!
Any questions?

27
28
Extra Resources &
References
References & Further Readings
▸ Management Sciences for Health. (1997). Guidelines for
Implementing Drug Use Review Programs in Hospitals.
Arlington, VA: MSH
▸ American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. (1998). ASHP
Guidelines on Medication Use Evaluation. Bethesda,
MD:
ASHP
30
References & Further Readings
▸ Tange, S. M., Grey, V. L., Senecal, P. E. (1994).
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Inpediatrics: A
Need for Improvement. J Clin Pharmacol.34:
200–214p.
▸ Reed, M. D., Blumer, J. L. (1994). Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 41: 1227–1243p
31

You might also like