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Reported Speech: We Often Have To Give Information About What People "Say" or "Think."

The document discusses reported or indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct quotations into the corresponding reported speech by modifying pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place, and modal verbs. Specifically, it notes that the pronoun and tense used in reported speech must change to be consistent with the tense of the reporting verb. Modal verbs like "can", "may" and "must" also change in reported speech. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate these changes between direct and reported speech.

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101 views15 pages

Reported Speech: We Often Have To Give Information About What People "Say" or "Think."

The document discusses reported or indirect speech. It provides examples of how to change direct quotations into the corresponding reported speech by modifying pronouns, tenses, adverbs of time and place, and modal verbs. Specifically, it notes that the pronoun and tense used in reported speech must change to be consistent with the tense of the reporting verb. Modal verbs like "can", "may" and "must" also change in reported speech. The document provides numerous examples to illustrate these changes between direct and reported speech.

Uploaded by

lawang buka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

REPORTED SPEECH
We often have to give information about what
people “say” or “think.”
2
3
Example : 4
“I travelled a lot in my job yesterday.”

Direct speech:
He said, “I travelled a lot in my job yesterday.”
Reporting Verbs Reporting Words

Reported speech:
He said (that) he had travelled a lot in his job the day before.
Indirect Speech 5

 Subject & Pronoun


 Tenses
 Adverb (time / place)
Subject & Pronoun 6

“I was walking along the street.”


Direct : She said, “I was walking along the street.”

Indirect : She said that she had been walking along the street.
“We are happy”
Direct : They say, “we are happy.” 7
Indirect : They say that they are happy.

“We are happy”


Direct : we say, “we are happy.”
Indirect : we say that we are happy.
TENSES 8
DIRECT INDIRECT

PRESENT PAST
• Simple Present • Simple Past
• Present Continous • Past Continous
• Present Perfect • Past Perfect
• Present Perfect Continous • Past Perfect Continous

PAST PAST
PERFECT
• Simple Past • Past Perfect
• Past Continous • Past Perfect Continous
• Past Perfect • Past Perfect
• Past Perfect Continous • Past Perfect Continous
9

FUTURE PAST FUTURE


• Simple Future • Simple Past Future
• Future Continous • Past Future Continous
• Future Perfect • Past Future Perfect
• Future Perfect Continous • Past Future Perfect Continous
10

 Simple Present  Simple Past


They said, “we are a student.” They said that they were a student.
 Present Continous  Past Continous
Syaila said, “I am Washing my car now.” She said that she was washing her car then.
 Present Perfect  Past Perfect
Ali said, “I have gotten a bad news.” He said that he had gotten a bad news.
 Present Perfect Continous  Past Perfect Continous
He said, “I have been doing my job.” He said that he had been doing his job.
Reporting Verbs :
Simple Present Tense 11
Simple Future Tense
Present Perfect Tense

Direct Indirect
They say, “We are Happy” They say that they are happy.

All people will say, “ Nobody is All people will say that nobody
perfect” is perfect.
Reyhan has said, “I have not Reyhan has said he has not good
good idea for that” idea for that.

Reporting Words :
Simple Past
CHANGE OF ADVERBS OF 12
TIME & PLACE
Direct speech for sentence having MODALS, 13
“can, may, must,

Present modals are changed to past modals


14
DIRECT INDIRECT
CAN changes into COULD
He said, “I can drive a car” He said that he could drive a car
MAY changes into MIGHT
He said, “I may buy a computer” He said that he might buy a computer

MUST changes into HAD TO


He said, “I must work hard” He said that he had to work hard

MUST will not changes into HAD TO

He said, “I must work hard” He said that he must work hard


15
DIRECT INDIRECT
WOULD
They said, “We would apply for a visa” They said that they would apply for a visa.

MIGHT
He said, “Guests might come” He said that guest might come.

COULD
She said, “She could play a piano She said that she could play a piano.

SHOULD

He said, “I should avail the opportunity” He said that he should avail the opportunity.

OUGHT TO
He said to me, “You ought to wait for him” He said to me that I ougt to wait for him.

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