Introduction To

ITS
Prof. Omer Maaitah
 Outline
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• ITS Applications
– Telematics
= Telecommunication + Infomatics
• ITS Standard Organization
• Vehicular communication
• Telecom Service Integration
 Outline
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• ITS Applications
– Telematics
= Telecommunication + Infomatics
• ITS Standard Organization
• Vehicular communication
• Telecom Service Integration
 Intelligent Transportation System

• The term intelligent transportation system

(ITS) refers to efforts to add information and
communications technology to transport
infrastructure and vehicles, in order to
improve safety and reduce vehicle wear,
transportation times, and fuel consumption.
 Intelligent Transport Systems
• ITS are advanced applications which, without embodying
intelligence as such, aim to provide innovative services relating to
different modes of transport and traffic management and enable
various users to be better informed and make safer, more
coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks.

• Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by 

traffic congestion and a synergy of new information technology for
simulation, real-time control, and communications networks. 
Traffic congestion has been increasing worldwide as a result of
increased motorization, urbanization, population growth, and
changes in population density. Congestion reduces efficiency of
transportation and increases travel time, air pollution, and 
fuel consumption
 Intelligent transport technologies

• Intelligent transport systems vary in technologies applied, from

basic management systems such as car navigation; traffic signal
 control systems; container management systems; variable message
signs; automatic number plate recognition or speed cameras to
monitor applications, such as security CCTV systems; and to more
advanced applications that integrate live data and feedback from a
number of other sources, such as parking guidance and information
 systems; weather information; bridge deicing systems; and the like.
Additionally, predictive techniques are being developed to allow
advanced modeling and comparison with historical baseline data.
Some of these technologies are described in the following sections.
 Technologie of ITS
• I==Wireless communications:
• Various forms of wireless communications technologies have been
proposed for intelligent transportation systems.
• 2===Computational technologies:
• Recent advances in vehicle electronics have led to a move toward fewer,
more capable computer processors on a vehicle. A typical vehicle in the
early 2000s would have between 20 and 100 individual networked 
microcontroller/Programmable logic controller modules with non-real-
time operating systems
• 3=== Floating car data/floating cellular data:
• "Floating car" or "probe" data collection is a set of relatively low-cost
methods for obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling
along streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes.
Broadly speaking, three methods have been used to obtain the raw data:
• 4==Triangulation Method:  In developed countries a high
proportion of cars contain one or more mobile phones. The phones
periodically transmit their presence information to the mobile
phone network, even when no voice connection is established
• 5==Vehicle Re-Identification: Vehicle re-identification methods
require sets of detectors mounted along the road. In this technique,
a unique serial number for a device in the vehicle is detected at one
location and then detected again (re-identified) further down the
road
• 6===GPS Based Methods:  An increasing number of vehicles are
equipped with in-vehicle GPS (satellite navigation) systems that
have two-way communication with a traffic data provider. Position
readings from these vehicles are used to compute vehicle speeds
• 7== Sensing technologies :
• Technological advances in telecommunications and information
technology, coupled with state-of-the-art microchip, RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification), and inexpensive intelligent beacon
sensing technologies, have enhanced the technical capabilities that
will facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation
systems globally.
•
• 8== Bluetooth detection:
• Bluetooth is an accurate and inexpensive way to measure travel
time and make origin/destination analysis. Bluetooth is a wireless
standard used to communicate between electronic devices like
mobile/smart phones, headsets, navigation systems, computers
etc.
 Introduction of ITS
Air-line Information
ITS is...

Traffic Information

Bus Information

...Traffic and Transit Management

 Introduction of ITS
ITS is...

Traffic light control

...Traffic Signal Systems

 Introduction of ITS
ITS is...

Locate car’s current position by satellites

...Global Positioning Systems

 Introduction of ITS
ITS is...

• Weather
Information
Systems

• Commercial
Vehicle
Electronic
Clearance
Vehicle Electronic Clearance
 Introduction of ITS
freeway Information

ITS is...

Navigation Information

Bus-stop Information

...Real-Time Traveler Information

 Why is ITS Important?
• Offers the next major leap forward in
improving safety, convenience, and
productivity of our personal and
commercial travel.
• Critical as population and congestion
increase, and land and funding for new
roads decrease.
How Does ITS Touch YOU?
 Identified Benefits
• Time Savings
• Improved Throughput
• Reduced Crashes and Fatalities
• Cost Avoidance
• Increased Customer Satisfaction
• Energy and Environmental Benefits
 Outline
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• ITS Applications
– Telematics
= Telecommunication + Infomatics
• ITS Standard Organization
• Vehicular communication
• Telecom Service Integration
 Applications Overview
• Global Positioning Systems
• Weather information systems
• Bus Information System
• Traffic and transit management
• Real-time information
• Parking
• Incident management
• Emergency management
• Electronic toll collection
• Commercial vehicle operations
 Global Positioning Systems
• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a
satellite-based navigation system made up of
a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by
the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was
originally intended for military applications,
but in the 1980s, the government made the
system available for civilian use. GPS works in
any weather conditions, anywhere in the
world, 24 hours a day.
 Weather information systems
• Monitor the weather information
 Bus Information System
• Public Transport Information
– Countdown:
Real-time Bus Stop Information (London, UK)
 Traffic and transit management
• Traffic Signals
• Monitoring throughput:
- Recommended speeds
- Ramp metering
• Incident Management
• Signal priority for:
- Emergency vehicles
Ramp metering
- Public transport
 Real-time information
• Automobile traffic
• Public transport
• Parking
• Airport arrivals/departures
• News, banking, stocks…
 Parking
• Information on
availability
• Guidance to:
- Available facility
- Actual spot
 Incident management
• CCATS & CCIDS: Video-Based Solutions for Data
Collection and Incident Detection (Europe)
 Emergency management
• Pre-trip, On-trip, emergency
– AA ITS Service (UK)
– ADAC ITS Services (Germany)
 Electronic toll collection
• Electronic toll collection (ETC) makes it possible for
vehicles to drive through toll gates at traffic speed,
reducing congestion at toll plazas and automating
toll collection. Originally ETC systems were used to
automate toll collection, but more recent
innovations have used ETC to enforce
congestion pricing through cordon zones in city
centers and ETC lanes.
 Electronic toll collection
• Electronic Payment
– HAMLET 2 - Toll Collection on Motorways (France)
– ETC - Electronic toll collection (Taiwan)
 Commercial vehicle operations
• Fleet Management
– Taxi
– Buses
– Vans and Lorries
– Emergency Vehicle
• Security and Safety
– Tracking of Stolen Vehicle
– Tracing of emergency vehicle
– Tracking of Hazardous Goods
 Outline
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• ITS Applications
– Telematics
= Telecommunication + Infomatics
• ITS Standard Organization
• Vehicular communication
• Telecom Service Integration
 National ITS Architecture (US)
• The National ITS Architecture provides a
common framework for planning, defining,
and integrating intelligent transportation
systems.  It is a mature product that reflects
the contributions of a broad cross-section of
the ITS community (transportation
practitioners, systems engineers, system
developers, technology specialists,
consultants, etc.)
 National ITS architecture
defines …
• The functions (e.g., gather traffic information or
request a route) that are required for ITS

• The physical entities or subsystems where these

functions reside (e.g., the field or the vehicle)

• The information flows and data flows that connect

these functions and physical subsystems together
into an integrated system
 ITS standards activities
• AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transpo
rtation Officials)

• ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

• APTA (American Public Transportation Association)
• ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
• IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
• ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers)
• NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association)
• SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)
Applicable interfaces
Picture from National ITS Architecture Website
Picture from National ITS Architecture Website
 Outline
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• ITS Applications
– Telematics
= Telecommunication + Infomatics
• ITS Standard Organization
• Vehicular communication
• Telecom Service Integration
 Motivation for Vehicular Communication
(VC)
• The main goal of VC is convenient and safe.
• Vehicles have… (differs from personal comm.)
– Enough power
– Large space
– Predictable and high-speed mobility
• Use communication for new services
– Collision warning
– Up-to-date traffic information
– Active navigation services
– Weather information
 Vehicular Communication Technology
• Inside car
– Bluetooth, Zigbee

(current) CALM
• Car to car (Continuous Air-interface,
Long and Medium range )
– VANET,802.11p
• Car to road
– 802.11p
• Car to Internet
– 3G, WiMAX
 VANET
• Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), a subclass of
mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach
for future intelligent transportation system (ITS).

• The direct communication between vehicles using an Ad Hoc

network, referred to as
– inter-vehicle communication (IVC)
– Car-to-car communication(C2CC)
– vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs)
 IEEE 802.11p
• IEEE 802.11p is a draft amendment to the IEEE
802.11 standard to add wireless access in the
vehicular environment (WAVE). It defines
enhancements to 802.11 required to support
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications.
This includes data exchange between high-speed
vehicles and between the vehicles and the roadside
infrastructure in the licensed ITS band of 5.9 GHz
(5.85-5.925 GHz). IEEE 1609 is a higher layer
standard on which IEEE 802.11p is based.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11p
 3G/UMTS
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) is one of the emerging mobile phone
technologies known as third-generation, or
3G. Third-generation systems are designed to
include such traditional phone tasks as calls,
voice mail, and paging, but also new
technology tasks such as Internet access,
video, and SMS, or text messaging.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_System
 WiMAX
• WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access, is a telecommunications
technology that provides for the wireless
transmission of data in a variety of ways, ranging
from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular-type
access. The technology provides broadband speed
without the requirement of cables. The technology is
based on the IEEE 802.16 standard (also called
WirelessMAN)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimax
 Outline
• Intelligent Transportation Systems
• ITS Applications
– Telematics
= Telecommunication + Infomatics
• ITS Standard Organization
• Vehicular communication
• Telecom Service Integration
VC Service Integration
Radio
Access
eCall IPTV
Network
Presence
PoC
WLAN
Context–Aware
Service
Provisioning
IMS
WiMAX
Core
Network

UMTS Internet

GPRS

GSM

Home Network
 VC Service scenario
Context–Aware
Service
Provisioning
Presence
WLAN, eCall
WiMAX,
GSM, GPRS, PoC IPTV
IMS
3G & B3G

Home Network
Radio
Access Internet
Network

Sensor

Access Point
Car to Car

Sensor
Sensor

Car to Road

Roadside
Sensor Assistance
Service Provider
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)