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Angular Quantities

This document defines and provides examples of key concepts related to rotational motion, including: - Angular velocity is the rate of change of the angle of an object and is measured in radians per second. Linear velocity depends on angular velocity and distance from the axis of rotation. - Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity and is measured in radians per second squared. It is related to tangential and centripetal acceleration. - Frequency is the number of revolutions per second, with period being the time for one revolution. Angular velocity and frequency are directly proportional.

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Yu Erin
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55 views

Angular Quantities

This document defines and provides examples of key concepts related to rotational motion, including: - Angular velocity is the rate of change of the angle of an object and is measured in radians per second. Linear velocity depends on angular velocity and distance from the axis of rotation. - Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity and is measured in radians per second squared. It is related to tangential and centripetal acceleration. - Frequency is the number of revolutions per second, with period being the time for one revolution. Angular velocity and frequency are directly proportional.

Uploaded by

Yu Erin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Angular Velocity

Rotational Motion

 When all points in a body move in


circles
 Can be described in terms of angular
velocity and angular acceleration
 θ is measured in radians

r x
θ
Radian (rad)

 Angle swept out when the length of the


arc (x) is equal to the radius (r)
 θ = x/r
 Radians can be related to degrees

– 1 rad = 57.3º
Example

 A bird can distinguish objects that are


within an area swept out by an angle of
3 x 10-4 radians. A) how many degrees
is this? B) How big of an object can be
seen when he is flying at an elevation of
100m?
Angular Velocity (ω)

 Change in θ over time


 ω = Δθ/ t
 Unit is rad/s
 All points in the object rotate with the
same angular velocity since any point
moves through the same angle in the
same time
Angular to Linear Velocity

 Linear velocity (v) is the velocity tangent


to the curve
 Linear velocity will depend on how far
away from the center of the circle you
are since at a larger r, the linear
distance x will be greater
 v = ωr
Example

 A rotating carousel has one child sitting


on a horse near the outer edge and
another child on a lion halfway out from
the center A) which child has the
greater angular speed? B) which child
has the greater linear speed?
Angular Acceleration (α)

 Change in angular velocity over time

2  1
 α = Δω/t =
t
 Units – rad/s2
Tangential Acceleration

Linear acceleration tangent to curve


 atan = Δv/ t
 v = ωr
 atan = ωr/t
 α = ω/t
 atan = αr
Centripetal Acceleration

 ar = v2/ r = (ωr)2/ r = ω2r

 Centripetal acceleration is greater the


farther you are from the axis of rotation
Total Acceleration

Sum of tangential and centripetal


accelerations
 Since centripetal and tangential
acceleration are perpendicular to each
other, it is a vector total for a right
triangle

(atan ) 2  (ar ) 2
atot =
Example

 A carousel is initially at rest. At t = 0 it is


given a constant angular acceleration α
= 0.060 rad/s2 for a total of 8.0 s. At 8.0
s, determine a) the angular velocity
and b) the linear velocity of a child 2.5m
from the center c) tangential
acceleration d) centripetal acceleration
and d) total acceleration
Frequency

 Revolutions per second


 Period (T) – time for one revolution
 T = 1/f
 v = ωr
 v = 2r/T = 2rf
 ω = 2πf
Example

 What is the linear and angular speed of


a child seated 1.2 m from the center of
a steadily rotating merry-go-round that
makes one revolution in 4.0 s?
Example

 What is the frequency and period of a


carousel when rotating at an angular
velocity of 0.48 rad/s?

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