Circle Theorems
THEOREMS 104
If a radius is perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the chord.
• Given: Circle O with radius at E
O
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A B
D
EXAMPLE 1. , AD = x + 6, and CD= . Find AD, CD and AC
• SOLUTION
AD
A = CD
D B
O
Hence:
Theorem 105
If a radius of a circle bisects a chord that is not a diameter, then it is perpendicular to the chord.
• Given: Circle O with radius and chord , bisects and D.
O
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THEOREM 106
The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center of the circle.
• Give: is the perpendicular bisector of .
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A B
P
DEFINITION OF CONGRUENT CIRCLES
•Congruent circles are circles that have congruent radii.
Circle O and circle P below are congruent circles
OA = PB = 5 cm
DEFINITION OF CONCENTRIC CIRCLES
••Concentric
circles are coplanar circles having the same center.
Circle O with radius and circle O with radius below are concentric circles.
CHORDS EQUIDISTANT FROM THE CENTER
THEOREM 107
If the chords of a circle or of congruent circles are equidistant from the center(s), then the chords
are congruent.
• Given: Circle O Circle P: OC = PF; and DE
O P
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A C B D F E
THEOREM 108
If chords of a circle or of congruent circles are congruent, then they are equidistant from the centers of the circles.
• Given: Circle O Circle P, , and
B D
O C P F
A E
EXAMPLE 2. GIVEN: .
Find:
a. FD b. radius of circles
a. FD
SOLUTION
a. Since , chords and are equidistant from the center of circle O.
bisects . Thus, and .
b. radius of circle
a. By the Pythagorean theorem, the radius is found using
. But FC = FD, so by substitution,
CHORDS, ARC, CENTRAL ANGLES, AND INSCRIBED ANGLES
•Objectives
proves theorem related to chords, arcs, central angles, and inscribe angles.
• An
arc is a part of a circle. In the first figure below, the part of the circle from one endpoint of the
diameter to the other endpoint is an arc called semicircle. It is half of the circle and has a measure of .
In the second figure, the angle whose vertex is O is called central angle. The part of the circle from
point A to point B moving clockwise is a minor arc. A minor arc is smaller than a semicircle, and an arc
larger than a semicircle is called a major arc.
DEFINITION OF PARTS OF A CIRCLE
• A central angle is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle.
•The minor arc AB, denoted by , is the union of points A and B and all the points of the circle O in the
interior of central AOB.
• The major arc ACB, denoted by , is the union of points A and B and all the points of the circle O
in the exterior of central AOB.
• A semicircle is the union of the endpoints of a diameter and all points of the circle that lie on side
of the diameter.
OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING CIRCLE.
circle O, the degree measure of the
In
minor arc is equal to the measure of
the central angle, and the degree
measures of the major arc are is
equal to 360 minus the measure of
the minor arc .
In circle O,
In circle P, .
DEFINITION OF DEGREE MEASURES OF PARTS OF A CIRCLE
•The degree measure of a minor arc is equal to degree measure of its central angle.
•The degree measure of a minor arc is equal to 360 minus the degree measure of its related minor arc.
• The degree measure of a semicircle is 180.
POSTULATE 20. ARC ADDITION POSTULATE
• The
measure of an arc formed by two adjacent, non-overlapping arc is the sum of the measures of
the two arcs.
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE 1. Given circle O
a. Find b. Find
EXAMPLE 2. If and , find .
SOLUTION
Therefore,
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EXAMPLE 3. REFER TO THE FIGURE IN EXAMPLE 2. If , find
SOLUTION
Thus,
DEFINITION OF CONGRUENT ARCS
In the same circle or in congruent circles, arcs that have the same measure are congruent arcs.
Theorem 109
If two minor arcs of a circle or
congruent circle are congruent, then
the corresponding chords are
congruent.
Given: Circle O with
Theorem 110
• If two chords of a circle or of congruent circles are congruent, then the corresponding minor arcs are congruent.
Theorem 111
• If two central angles of a circle or of congruent circle are congruent, then the corresponding minor arcs are congruent.
Theorem 112
• If two minor arcs of a circle or of congruent circle are congruent, then the corresponding central angles are congruent.
Theorem 113
• If two central angles of a circle or of congruent circle are congruent, then the corresponding chords are congruent.
Theorem 114
• If two chords of a circle or of congruent circles are congruent, then the corresponding central angles are congruent.
EXAMPLE 4. In circle O, . Find the measure of major arc
SOLUTION
, hence
DEFINITION OF AN INSCRIBED ANGLE
An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex lies on the circle and whose sides contain chords of the circle.
Theorem 115
• The measure of an inscribed angle is equal to one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
•In proving this theorem, there are three cases to consider.
Case 1: The center of the circle lies one side of the inscribed angle.
Case 2: The center of the circle lies in the interior of the inscribed angle.
Case 3: The center of the circle lies in the exterior of the inscribed angle.
CASE 1: THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE LIES ONE SIDE OF THE INSCRIBED ANGLE.
• Given: Circle O with an inscribed angle
CASE 2: THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE LIES IN THE INTERIOR OF THE INSCRIBED
ANGLE.
• Given: Circle O with an inscribed angle
1
Prove: 𝑚 ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐶= 𝑚 ^
𝐵𝐶
2
CASE 3: THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE LIES IN THE EXTERIOR OF THE INSCRIBED
ANGLE.
• Given: Circle O with an inscribed angle
1
Prove:𝑚 ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐶= 𝑚 ^
𝐵𝐶
2
EXAMPLE 7. If , find .
SOLUTION
COROLLARY 115.1
AN ANGLE INSCRIBED IN A SEMICIRCLE IS A RIGHT ANGLE.
• Given: Circle O with semicircle .
is a right angle.
COROLLARY 115.2
IF TWO INSCRIBED ANGLES INTERCEPTS THE SAME ARC OR CONGRUENT ARCS, THEN THE ANGLES ARC
CONGRUENT.
• Given: Circle O with inscribed angles and
∠𝐶𝐴𝐷≅∠
𝐷𝐵𝐶
EXAMPLE 8. IF FIND
A
Solution:
C
D
COROLLARY 115.3
OPPOSITE ANGLES OF AN INSCRIBED QUADRILATERAL IN A CIRCLE ARE SUPPLEMENTARY.
• Given: Quadrilateral ABCD inscribed in circle O
and are supplementary.
and are supplementary.
+
EXAMPLE 9:FIND C.
x=37
COROLLARY 115.4
IF TWO ARCS OF A CIRCLE ARE IN INSCRIBED BETWEEN PARALLEL SECANTS, THEN THE ARCS ARE
CONGRUENT.
• Given: Circle O with and .
EXAMPLE 8:If what is ?
A B
C D
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