CURRICULUM

DEVELOPMENT
What is Curriculum?
 In 1939, curriculum was seen as a tradition of
organized knowledge taught in schools of the 19th
century.
Two centuries late, the concept of curriculum has
broadened to include several modes of thoughts or
experiences.
 Classroom will be empty with no curriculum.
Teachers will have nothing to do, if there is no
curriculum. Curriculum is at the heart of teaching
profession. Every teacher is guided by same sort of
curriculum in the classroom.
Educational levels

1. Basic Education-this level includes kindergarten,

grade 1-6 for elementary, and for secondary grade 7-
10, for the junior high school and grade 11-12 for the
senior high. Each of the levels has its specific
recommended curriculum the new basic education
levels are provided in the K to 12 Enhanced
curriculum of 2013 of the Department of Education.
Educational levels

2. Technical vocational Education – this is post

secondary technical vocational educational and
training taken care of technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA). For the TechVoc
track in SHS of DepEd.
Educational levels

3. Higher Education – this includes the

Baccalaureate or Bachelor degrees and Graduate
Degrees (master And Doctorate) which are under
the regulation of Commission on Higher Education
(CHED)
Types of Curricula in Schools

1. Recommended Curriculum.
Almost all curricula found in our schools are
recommended. For Basic Education, these are
Recommended by the Department of Education
(DepEd), for higher education, by the Commission
on Higher Education (CHED) and for Vocational
education by TESDA.
Types of Curricula in Schools

2. Written Curriculum
This includes documents based on
recommended curriculum. They come in the form
of course of study, syllabi, modules, books or
instructional guides among others. A packet of this
written curriculum is the teacher’s lesson plan.
Types of Curricula in Schools

3. Taught Curriculum
from what has been written or planned, the
curriculum has to be implemented or taught. The
teacher and the learners will put life to the written
curriculum. The skill of the teacher to facilitate
learning based on the written curriculum with the
aid of instructional materials and facilities will be
necessary. The taught curriculum will depend
largely on the teaching style of the teacher and the
learning style of the learners.
Types of Curricula in Schools

4. Supported Curriculum
this is describes as support materials that the
teacher needs to make learning and teaching
meaningful. These includes print materials like
books, charts, posters, worksheets or non-print
materials like power point presentations, movies,
slides models, realias, mock-ups and other
electronic illustrations. Supported curriculum also
includes facilities where learning occurs outside or
inside the four-walled building.
Types of Curricula in Schools

5. Assessed Curriculum.
Taught and supported curricula have to be
evaluated to find out if the teacher has succeeded
or not in facilitating learning. In the process of
teaching and at the end of every lesson or
teaching episode, an assessment is made.
Types of Curricula in Schools

6. Learned Curriculum
how do we know if the students has learned?
We always believe that if a student changed
behavior, he/she has learned. The positive
outcome of teaching is an indicator of learning.
These are measured by tools in assessment, which
can indicate the cognitive, affective and
psychomotor outcomes. Learned curriculum will
also demonstrate higher order and critical thinking
and lifelong skills.
Types of Curricula in Schools

7. Hidden/Implicit Curriculum
this curriculum is not deliberately planned, but
has a great impact on the behavior or the learner.
Per influence, school environment, media, parental
pressures, societal changes, cultural practices,
natural calamities are some factors that create the
hidden curriculum.
 Types of Curriculum Design
Models

1. Subject- centered design

this is a curriculum design that focuses n the
content of the curriculum. The subject-centered
design corresponds mostly to the textbook
because textbooks are usually written based the
specific subject or course.
Subject-centered curriculum design has also
some variation which are focused on the
individual subject, specific discipline and a
combination of subjects or disciplines which area
broad field or interdisciplinary.
1.1 Subject Design
subject design curriculum is the oldest and so far the
most familiar design for teachers, parents and other
laymen.

1.2. Discipline Design

this curriculum design model is related to on to the
subject design. However, while subject design centers
only on the cluster of content. Discipline design focuses
on academic disciplines.
Discipline design model of curriculum is often used in
college but not in elementary or secondary levels.
1.3. Correlation Design
coming from a core, correlated curriculum design links
separates subjects designs in order to reduce
fragmentation.

1.4. Broad field design/ interdisciplinary

is a variation of subject-centered design. This design
was made to cure compartmentalization of the separate
subjects and integrate the contents that are related to one
another.
 Types of Curriculum Design
Models
2. Learner-Centered Design
Among the progressive individual
psychologists , the learner is the center of the
educative process. This emphasis is very strong in
elementary level, however: more concern has
been placed on the secondary and even the
tertiary levels.
Here are some examples of curriculum designs
which are learner centered

2.1. Child-centered design

2.2 Experience-centered design
2.3 Humanistic design
 Types of Curriculum Design
Models
3. Problem –Centered design
generally, problem-centered design draws on social
problems, need interest and abilities of the learners. Various
given are emphasis. There are those that center on life
situations, contemporary life problems, areas of living and many
others.
3.1. life-situations design
3.2 core problem design
 Approaches to Curriculum Design

Child or learner-centered approach.

this approach to curriculum design is based on the
underlying philosophy that the child or the learner is the
center of the educational process.
Principles of Child-Centered Curriculum Approach
1. Acknowledge and respect the fundamental rights of
the child
2. make all activities revolve around the overall
development of the learner.
3. Consider the uniqueness of every learner in
multicultural classroom.
4. Consider using different instruction of teaching
5. provide a motivating supportive learning
environment for all the learner.
Subject-Centered Approach
this is anchored on a curriculum design which prescribes
separate distinct subjects for every educational level. This
approach consider the following principles
1. The primary focus is the subject matter
2. The emphasis is on bits and pieces of information which
may be detached from life.
3. The subject matter serves as a means of identifying
problems of living.
4. Learning means accumulation of content, or knowledge
5. Teacher’s role is to dispense the content
Problem Centered Approach
this approach is based on a design which assumes that in
the process of living, children experience problems. Thus,
problem solving enables the learners to become
increasingly able to achieve complete or total development
as individuals.
This approach is characterized by the following views and
beliefs:
1. The learners are capable of directing and guiding
themselves in resolving problems, thus developing every
learner to be independent.
2. the learners are prepared to assume their civic
responsibilities through direct participation in different
activities.
3. The curriculum leads the learners in the recognition of
concerns and problems in seeking solutions. Learners are
problem solvers themselves.
 Stakeholders in Curriculum
Implementation

1. Learners are the core of the curriculum

To what are the students involved in curriculum
development? The old view that the students are mere
recipients of the curriculum, is now changing. Learners have
more dynamic participation from planning, designing,
implementing and evaluating. At the end of the curriculum
development process, the fundamental question asked is:
have the students learned?
2.Teachers are Curricularist
teacher are stakeholders who plan, design, teach,
implement and evaluate the curriculum. No doubt the, the
most important person in curriculum implementation is
the teacher. Teachers should have full knowledge of the
program philosophy, content and components of
curriculum and ways of teaching
Some of the roles that the teachers do in curriculum
implementation are:
1. guiding, facilitating and directing the activities of the
learners.
2. Choosing the activities and the methods to be utilized
3. Choosing the materials that necessary for activity
4. Evaluating the whole implementation
5. Making decision whether to continue, modify or
terminate the curriculum
3. School Leaders are Curriculum managers
principals and school heads, too have important
rules in curriculum implementation process in
schools. They should understand fully the need for
change and the implementation process. They
should be ready to assist the teachers and students
in the implementation.
 4. Parents
parents are significant school partners. Besides the
students, teacher and school administrators, play an
important role in curriculum implementation.
5.Community as the Curriculum resources and a learning
Environment
“it takes the whole village to educate the child” – lady
Hillary Clinton

6. Other stakeholders in curriculum Implementation and

Development
 6.1 Government Agencies
-DepEd, TESDA, CHED
-Professional regulation commission
(PRC) and civil service commission (CSC)
-Local Government Units (LGU)
6.2 Non-Government Agencies
-Gawad Kalinga (GK)
-Synergia
-Metrobank Foundation
-Professional Organization like Philippine Association for teachers
and education (PAFTE) State Universities and colleges teachers
Educators association (SUCTEA), National Organization of science
teachers and educators (NOSTE) Mathematics teachers association
of the Philippines (MTAP) and many more.