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Intro To Electric Circuits: GLAS Wiring

The document provides an introduction to basic electric circuit concepts including that electricity is the flow of electrons driven by voltage and resisted by components resulting in current, and defines common circuit elements and relationships between voltage, current, and resistance defined by Ohm's Law. It describes circuit diagrams and different circuit configurations like series and parallel and introduces demonstrations of concepts like Ohm's Law.

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Krishna Boreddy
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39 views20 pages

Intro To Electric Circuits: GLAS Wiring

The document provides an introduction to basic electric circuit concepts including that electricity is the flow of electrons driven by voltage and resisted by components resulting in current, and defines common circuit elements and relationships between voltage, current, and resistance defined by Ohm's Law. It describes circuit diagrams and different circuit configurations like series and parallel and introduces demonstrations of concepts like Ohm's Law.

Uploaded by

Krishna Boreddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intro to Electric Circuits

GLAS wiring
Electric Circuits
• Electricity: The flow
of electrons. (Mobile
particles, carrying
charge)

• Circuit: A path for


electrons to flow in

http://chem-mgriep2.unl.edu/Courses/AnimatedAtoms.html
Voltage, current, and resistance
• The flow of electrons is like
the flow of water
• Driven by pressure (voltage) Hydroelectric Dam
• Pressure causes flow
(current)
• The relationship between
pressure and flow is set by
the obstacles (resistance) in
the flow path
• For the flow to do useful work ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html

(have power), both pressure


and flow must be present
Circuit functions
In general, circuits can be
thought of as combinations
of:
• Power Sources (battery,
generator)
• Loads (where power is
used) (lamps, speakers,
motors)
• Conduction Paths (wires)
• Controls (switches & knobs)
• Indicators (meters, flashing
lights, buzzers)
Voltage
Voltage is the electrical
force, or "pressure",
that causes current to
flow in a circuit.

Voltage is the force that is


pushing the electrons (like
pressure pushes the water)
forward.

It is measured in VOLTS
(V ).

Count Alessandro Volta (1745-1827)


Current
Current is the movement of Voltage
electrical charge - the flow
of electrons through the
electronic circuit. 
In our analogy, current
would be the flow of water
moving through the tube Current
(wire).
Current is measured in
AMPERES (AMPS, A or I).

Current is defined to
flow from positive to
negative voltages
Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
Conductors, Insulators, and
Semiconductors
• A conductor is a material (usually a metal such as
copper) that allows electric current to pass easily.
• This is opposed to an insulator (plastic, glass) which
prevents the flow of electricity through it.
• Semiconductors have intermediate properties which
enable their conduction to be modified and controlled.
Resistance
Resistance is anything that Voltage
causes an opposition to the - +
flow of current in a circuit. Current

Resistance controls the amount of voltage


and current in a circuit. Everything in a Resistance
circuit has a resistance (even wire). A
resistor is a device designed specifically to
have a constant resistance.
It is measured in OHMS ().
Design and analysis of electronic circuits hinges on
thorough understanding of the relationships between
voltage, current, and resistance.
Quantification: Ohm’s Law
expresses the relationship
between current, voltage, and
resistance.  It was named after
the German physicist Georg
Simon Ohm (1787-1854).

This is one of the most


fundamental concepts in
electronics.   Learn Ohm’s 
Law.  Learn it inside and out! 
  
Ohm’s Law

V is the voltage between two points (measured in volts) 

I is the current flowing along a path between those two points


(measured in amperes) 

R is the resistance of that path (measured in Ohms) 

Volts = Amps times Ohms


Electronic Schematics
• Electronic circuits are drawn using schematics which use
standard symbols for each type of electronic component

Voltage Circuit Schematic


(Volts) I

Load/Resistor
+
(Ohms) V - R

CurrentCurrent
(Amps)
battery symbol resistor symbol

Diode
Transistors Capacitor
If in this circuit we observe a
current flow of 12 amps (12A)
through the resistive load of 1
Ohm (1), what must the
battery voltage be?
V?

V=IR

V = 12 (Amps) x 1 (Ohm)

V = 12 Volts (12V)
I? If we knew the battery was
supplying 12 volts, how do we
predict the current through a
resistive load of 1 Ohm?

I =V/R

I = 12 (Volts)/ 1 (Ohm) :

I = 12 Amps (12A)
If we knew a 10V battery
was supplying 5A of current,
what must the load
(resistance) be?

?

R=V/I
10V

R = 10 (Volts)/ 5 (Amps) :

R = 2 Ohm (2 )
Electronic circuits
• For electrons to flow
contiusly, there must
be a compete circuit
in which electrons
return to their source.
• Think of it as a circle. Condensation
Evaporation
The paths may split
off here and there but
they always rejoin the
source eventually.

http://www.ibiblio.org/kuphaldt/socratic/output/animation_switch_circuit_fast.gif
Series Circuit
A series circuit is one with all
the loads in a row. Like links
in a chain.
There is only ONE path for the
electricity to flow.

If this circuit was a string of


light bulbs, and one blew out
(became an open circuit), the
remaining bulbs would turn
off.
Circuit components in series experience the same current.
Parallel Circuit
A parallel circuit is one that has
two or more paths for the
electricity to flow – similar to a
fork in a river

In other words, the loads are


parallel to each other.

If the loads in this circuit were light


bulbs and one blew out, current would
still flow to the others.

Circuit components in parallel experience the same voltage.


Now you are ready for a Demo!
Ohm’s Law test circuit
Current meter
(in series with load)

Voltage Load
source V
resistor

Voltage meter
(in parallel with load)

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