Lesson 2: Understanding

the Basic Concepts in

ICT
MODULE 1
Information and Communications
Technology (ICT)
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that
stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and
wireless signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and
audiovisual systems, that enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

Let us explore various resources to have a clear understanding of this lesson. Let us unpack some concepts
and terms related to technology for teaching and learning.

Here are some terms and Concepts that you need to know and understand.
 1. Technology

• Technology refers to a mix of process and

product used in the application of
knowledge. It includes tools from pencil and
paper to the latest electronic gadgets and
tools for practical task.
2. Information and
Communication Technology and
Literacy or ICT Literacy  • Information and
Communication Technology
and Literacy or ICT
Literacy is the use of digital
technology, communication
tools and/or networks to
access, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create and
communicate information in
order to function in a
knowledge society (Guro 21,
2011).
3. Educational
Technology 

• Educational Technology refers to the use of

technology in and learning. Educational technology
includes both the non-digital (flip charts, pictures,
models, realias, etc.). and digital (electronic tools:
hardware, software and connections, etc.).
4. Digital Literacy  • Digital Literacy is the ability
to find, evaluate, utilize, share
and create contents using
information technologies and
internet (Cornell University).
According to American
Library Association (2018),
digital literacy is the ability to
use information and
communication, requiring both
cognitive and technical skills
(https:// edweek.org. download
06-03-18).
5. Digital learning 

• Digital learning is any type of learning that is

accompanied by technology or by instructional
practice that makes effective use of technology. It
encompasses the application of a wide spectrum of
practices which included blended or virtual learning. It
can come as online or off-line which utilizes digital
technology.
6. Online digital tools
and Apps 
• Online digital tools and Apps use an Internet
connection to access the information needed. A
common example is Skype. It is a
telecommunication application software product that
specializes in providing a video chat and video calls
between computers, tablets, mobile devices via
Internet and to regular telephones.
7. Off-line digital tools and
Apps 
• Off-line digital tools and Apps can still be used even if there is no
internet access. Among these are Canary Learning, Pocket,
Evertone, ibooks, KA LITE (Gupta, Prinyaka, 2017) downloaded
in edtech review (July 03, 2017).
8. Instructional
technology 

• Instructional technology is the theory and practice of

design, development, utilization, management, and
evaluation of the processes and resources for learning
(Association for Educational Communications and
Technology, Seels, B.B. &Richey, P.C. 1994).
9. Software
• Software refers to program
control instructions and
accompanying
documentation stored on
disks or tapes when not
being used in the computer.
By extension, the term refers
to audiovisual materials
(Smaldino, 2005).
10.
Multimedia • Multimedia is a sequential
or simultaneous use of a
variety of media formats in a
given presentation or self-
study program (Smaldino,
2005).
11. Internet 
• Internet is a massive
network of networks, a
networking infrastructure. It
connects millions of
computers together globally,
forming a network in which
any computer can
communicate with any other
computer as long as they are
connected to the internet. It
is generally defined as a
global network connecting
millions of computers.
12. World Wide Web
(www) 

• World Wide Web (www) is also called a Web which is

a graphical environment on computer networks that
allows you to access, view and maintain
documentations that can include text, data, sound and
videos (Smaldino, 2005). It is a way of accessing
information over the medium of the internet. It is an
information sharing model that is built on top of the
Internet.
13. Web access 

•  Web access is the ability of the learner to access the

Internet at any point during the lesson in order to take
advantage of the array of available education
resources.
14. Webquest
• Webquest is an inquiry-
oriented lesson format in
which most or all
information that learners
work with comes from the
web. These can be create
using various programs,
including simple word
processing documents that
include links to websites.
15. Productivity tools  • Productivity tools refers to
any type of software
associated with computers
and related technologies that
can be used as tools for
personal, professional or
classroom productivity.
• Examples: Microsoft Office,
Apple Works – word
processing, grade and record
keeping, web page
production, presentation)
(KFIT-Unesco 2016).
16. Technology tool 

• Technology tool is an instrument used for doing work. It

can be anything that help you accomplish your goal with
the use of technology. These technology tools can be
classified as:
a) Data/Calculation tools.

• a) Data/Calculation tools.
• Examples: spreadsheets,
Excels, Sketchpads,
probability constructor
b.) Design tools. 
• Design tools. These are used
to make models and design,
creating and building.
Included here are Family
Tree Maker, GollyGee, and
Crazy Machines among
others.
c) Discussion tools. 

• c) Discussion tools. There are 4 different approaches

that utilize discussion and interaction in the Internet.
These are threaded discussion forum, Blogging, Live
chat and Video Teleconferencing, Netiquette and
Safety on the Net.
e) Handheld devices.

e) Handheld devices. Handheld devices have become

popular among learners. These include Personal Digital
Assistants, global positioning system, (GPS) and
geographic Information system (GIS) in the classroom,
Portable electronic keyboards, Digital cameras, Mobile
phones, Palm, Handheld computers.
17. Webquest

• Webquest is a teacher structured research experience

for the students that is primarily based on use of the
World Wide Web and typically takes one or more
instructional periods (Bender & Waller, 2011).
18. Blog

• Blog is an online journal where posted information

from both teachers and students are arranged. There
are three kinds of blogs: blogs used for
communication, blogs used for instruction, and blogs
used for both (Ferriter & Garry, 2010).
19. Wiki

• Wiki, an editable website

usually with limited access,
allows students to
collaboratively create and post
written work or digital files,
such as digital photos or videos.
Wikipedia is one of the most
widely recognized of all the
wikis (Watters, 2011).
20. Flipped classroom 

•  Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional

delivery, where the teacher is required to use the web
resources as homework or out of class activity as
initial instruction of the lesson which will be discussed
during class time.
21. Podcast
• Podcast is a video or audio
multi-media clip about a
single topic typically in the
format of the radio talk
show. The two basic
functions of a podcast are to
retrieve information and to
disseminate information
(Eash, 2006).
22. Google Apps 

• Google Apps is a cloud-based teaching tool which is

stored in the Google server and is available for
students both at home and in school. It includes the
gmail, a free-mail for all; Google calendar – a tool
used for organizational purposes; Google sites that
provide options for developing blogs and wikis; and
Google docs is used for sophisticated word processing
and editing for the document.
23. Vlog

• Vlog is a video blog where each entry is posted as a

video instead of the text.
24. Facebook 

•  Facebook is a popular social networking site used by

students and adults worldwide to present information
on themselves and to the world.
25. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) 

• VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of

hardware and software that enables people to use the
Internet as transmission medium for telephone calls by
sending voice data in packets using IP rather than
traditional circuit transmission.
Do you have
any
questions?