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Z-Bus Building Algorithm: Network Representation 1,2,3,4-Nodes Let 1 Be The Reference Node A, B, C, D, e - Elements

The document describes algorithms for building a Z-bus matrix to represent electrical networks, including adding nodes and elements to a partial network, modifying the matrix for changes to impedances or removing elements, where elements added as branches or links affect the matrix differently based on whether they couple existing elements or not.

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Asrar Hussain Bhat
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614 views

Z-Bus Building Algorithm: Network Representation 1,2,3,4-Nodes Let 1 Be The Reference Node A, B, C, D, e - Elements

The document describes algorithms for building a Z-bus matrix to represent electrical networks, including adding nodes and elements to a partial network, modifying the matrix for changes to impedances or removing elements, where elements added as branches or links affect the matrix differently based on whether they couple existing elements or not.

Uploaded by

Asrar Hussain Bhat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Z-bus building algorithm

Network Representation
1,2,3,4- Nodes
Let 1 be the reference node
a,b,c,d,e- Elements
Branch- When it creates a new node

Link- When it is between two existing


nodes

Mutual coupling- when there is mutual


impedance between them
• Partial Network • Partial Z-bus matrix
The part of a network that contains
The z-bus matrix that represent the
one/more node and/or one/more partial network is called partial Z- bus
elements is termed as partial network.
matrix.
The simplest partial network of the
above graph/system is having node 1 Hence the Z-bus matrix of the partial
only. network having nodes 1 & 2 would be

1 2
Ref bus
Addition of a branch
•   an element is added to the partial network, if it adds a new node to the partial
When
network, then the added element is a branch.
This may or may not be coupled with other elements of the partial network.
Say an element σ is added to the node p of the partial network and it adds node q to
the partial network and the added element (pq) is mutually coupled with the element
ρ, then
zpqpq= self impedance of the added element
zpqρ= mutual impedance between element pq and element ρσ
ypqpq=
•   on the right is the Z-bus matrix on addition of node q to the
Given
existing network. Z-bus=   2 3 p q
To calculate the new impedances corresponding the new node the 2       Zq2
following technique is used-
3       Zq3
Zqi= Zpi + (i=1,2,3………m)
P       Zqp
Zqq= Zpq+ q Z2q Z3q Zpq Zqq

If there is no mutual coupling between added branch and existing In this Zbus matrix we have not
considered node 1 because we
elements of the partial network, then assumed node 1 to be the
Zqi= Zpi(i=1,2,3………m) reference node

Zqq= Zpq + zpqpq

And if p is the reference node and there is no mutual coupling


Zpi=0, Zqi=0 and Zpq=0
Therefore, Zqq= zpqpq
Addition of a link
•If   the added element pq is a link then a
fictitious node ‘l’ is created. This is
incorporated in the Z-bus matrix and after all Z-bus=   2 3 p l
2        
the calculations are done this new node is
3        
deleted from the matrix.
P        
The formula for calculation of new
impedances are- l        

Zli= Zpi - Zqi+ (i=1,2,3………m)

Zll= Zpl– Zql+


• there
If   is no mutual coupling between added branch and existing elements of the partial network,
then
Zli= Zpi - Zqi(i=1,2,3………m)
Zll= Zpl– Zql+ zpqpq
And if p is the reference node and there is no mutual coupling
Zli= -Zqi(i=1,2,3………m)
Zll= – Zql+ zpqpq

New matrix elements-


Zij(new) = Zij(old) -
Modification of the bus impedance matrix for changes in the network
1. If the impedance of an uncoupled link is changed, then the modified bus impedance matrix can be
obtained by adding a link in parallel with the element such that the equivalent impedance of the
of the two elements is the desired value. Once we know the value of impedance of the link to be
added we can use the formula given above of addition of link.
For eg- if an existing element has an impedance 0.5 and the new impedance of the element has to be
0.4 then we add a link of impedance, say, x in parallel to the existing link.
2. If an uncoupled element has to be removed from the network i.e. a
line is opened, then the modified Zbus matrix can be obtained by
adding a link in parallel to the element whose value of impedance is
same as that of the element but the sign is negative.
Sample solved question

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