Unit 2: Cloud Architecture, Services and Applications

Contents
 Exploring the Cloud Computing Stack
 Connecting to the Cloud
 Infrastructure as a Service
 Platform as a Service
 Saasvs. Paas
 Using PaaS Application Frameworks
 Software as a Service
 Identity as a Service, and Compliance as a Service.
What is cloud architecture?
 What is cloud architecture?
 The Cloud Architecture comprises of many cloud components, each of them loosely coupled.
OR
 Cloud architecture is the way where technology components are combine to build a cloud, in which resources are
pooled through virtualization technology and shared across a network.
The components of a cloud architecture include or divided into two parts :
 A front-end platform (the client or device used to access the cloud)
 A back-end platform (servers and storage)
 A cloud-based delivery model
 A network

Together, these technologies create a cloud computing architecture on which applications can run, providing end-
users with the ability to pull the power of cloud resources.
 What is cloud architecture?
 Front End platform:-
 It refers to the client part of cloud architecture.
 It consist of Interfaces and Applications that are required to access the cloud platform of service.
 E.g. Web Browser.
 Back End platform:-
 It refers to Cloud itself .
 It comprises of Huge data storage, Virtual Machine , Security Mechanism ,services deployment models ,servers
etc.
What is cloud architecture?
Cloud Architecture
Exploring the Cloud Computing Stack
 IaaS :- is the hardware and software that powers it all – servers, storage,
network, operating systems
 PaaS :- is the set of tools and services designed to make coding and deploying
applications quickly and efficiently
 SaaS : - applications are designed for end users and are delivered over the
web

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 Software as a Service(SaaS)
 Software as a Service, or SaaS, is simply software that is hosted in the cloud and accessed through the Internet.
This is the most commonly understood type of cloud computing, as it is used regularly by pretty much anyone
using the Internet.
 Common examples include Gmail, Twitter, Facebook, Flickr and Dropbox, but software can include accounting,
invoicing, tracking sales, planning, performance monitoring, email, instant messaging, marketing and much more.
The applications can be accessed from any Internet-compatible computing device.
 You can think of SaaS as software-on-demand, as you are basically renting software instead of purchasing it.
 With traditional software, the difficulties are endless. You purchase it upfront, install it, maintain it and ensure you
have licensing for the necessary amount of users or devices. And if you want the upgraded version, you have to
redo this entire process.
 With SaaS, a business can simply subscribe to the application, allowing users to access it online from anywhere.
Upgrades can occur automatically, so users will always experience the most up-to-date version.
 “SaaS is simply software hosted in the cloud and access through the Internet.”
 SaaS Delivery
 Due to its web delivery model, SaaS removes the need to have IT staff download and install applications on
each individual computer.
 With SaaS, vendors manage all potential technical issues, such as data, middleware, servers, and storage,
resulting in maintenance and support for the business.

SaaS Advantages
 SaaS provides numerous advantages to employees and companies by greatly reducing the time and money spent
on tedious tasks such as installing, managing, and upgrading software.
 This frees up plenty of time for technical staff to spend on more pressing matters and issues within the
organization.
 SaaS characteristics
 Web access to commercial software
 Software is managed from central location
 Software is delivered in a ‘one to many’ model
 Users not required to handle software upgrades and patches
 Application Programming Interfaces (API) allow for integration between different pieces of
software.
When to Use SaaS
 SaaS may be the most beneficial option in several situations, including:
 Startups or small companies that need to launch ecommerce quickly and don’t have time for server
issues or software
 Short-term projects that require quick, easy, and affordable collaboration
 Applications that aren’t needed too often, such as tax software
 Applications that need both web and mobile access
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Applications where SaaS may not be the best option

 Applications where extremely fast processing of real time data is needed

 Applications where legislation or other regulation does not permit data being hosted externally
 Applications where an existing on-premise solution fulfills all of the organization’s needs

Examples of SaaS
 Sales Force Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software
 Google Workspace (formerly GSuite)
 Dropbox
 Salesforce
 Cisco WebEx
 SAP Concur
 GoToMeeting
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 Platform as a Service(PaaS)
 PaaS provides a platform and environment for developers to build applications and services.
 The development platform includes operating system, programming language, execution environment, data
base and Web server.
 The necessary application development tools and services for testing, deploying, collaborating on, hosting and
maintaining applications are all supplied by the cloud provider.
 This service, like SaaS, is hosted in the cloud and accessed by users over the Internet.
 The applications and services developed via PaaS don’t depend on a specific platform to run, which ultimately
makes SaaS convenient for consumers.
 Since it’s a service-based solution, the infrastructure and applications are managed for the customer.
 The PaaS service, like SaaS, is generally on a subscription basis, relying on the usage of the client.
 “PaaS creates a platform and environment for developers to build apps and services.”
 PaaS Delivery
 The delivery model of PaaS is similar to SaaS, except instead of delivering the software over the internet, PaaS
provides a platform for software development.
 This platform is delivered via the web, giving developers the freedom to concentrate on building the software
without having to worry about operating systems, software updates, storage, or infrastructure.
 PaaS allows businesses to design and create applications that are built with special software components.
 These applications, sometimes called middleware, are scalable and highly available as they take on certain cloud
characteristics.
PaaS Advantages
 No matter the size of your company, using PaaS offers numerous advantages, including:
 Simple, cost-effective development and deployment of apps
 Scalable, Highly available
 Developers can customize apps without the headache of maintaining the software
 Significant reduction in the amount of coding needed
 Automation of business policy
 Easy migration to the hybrid model
 Characteristics of PaaS

 Services to develop, test, deploy, host and maintain applications in the same integrated development
environment.
 Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down as your business changes.
 Provides a variety of services to assist with the development, testing, and deployment of apps
 Web based user interface creation tools help to create, modify, test and deploy different UI scenarios.
 Multi-tenant architecture where multiple concurrent users utilize the same development application.
 Accessible to numerous users via the same development application
 Integrates web services and databases

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 When to Use PaaS

 Utilizing PaaS is beneficial, sometimes even necessary, in several situations.

 PaaS is especially useful in any situation where multiple developers will be working on a same development
project or where other external parties need to interact with the development process.
 PaaS is particularly beneficial if you need to create customized applications.
 PaaS is useful where developers wish to automate testing and deployment services.
 This cloud service also can greatly reduce costs and it can simplify some challenges that come up if you are
rapidly developing or deploying an app.

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 Scenarios where PaaS is not ideal
 Where the application needs to be highly portable in terms of where it is hosted.
 Where proprietary languages or approaches would impact on the development process
 Where a proprietary language would delay later moves to another provider – concerns are raised
about vendor lock in.
 Where application performance requires customization of the underlying hardware and software

PaaS Examples
 Microsoft Azure
 Google App Engine
 AWS Elastic Beanstalk
 Windows Azure, Heroku
 Salesforce.com
 OpenShift
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 Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
 Infrastructure as a Service provides computing infrastructure and storage on-demand, via the Internet.
 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) delivers cloud computing infrastructure—servers, storage, network, and operating
systems as an on-demand service.
 Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space, or network equipment, installing and integrating new
hardware, clients can simply tap into the cloud resource.
 Physically, the pool of hardware resources is pulled from a crowd of servers and networks usually distributed across
numerous data centers, all of which the cloud provider is responsible for maintaining.
 The virtual computing infrastructure includes virtual server space, network connections, bandwidth, IP addresses and
load balancers.
 The client, on the other hand, is given access to the virtualized components in order to build their own IT platforms.
 You can obtain IaaS as public or private infrastructure, or a combination of the two,.
 Public cloud is infrastructure consisting of shared resources, which are deployed over the Internet on a self-service basis.
 Private cloud infrastructure provides the cloud computing features and resources, but on a private network.
 A combination of these two is called hybrid cloud.
 IaaS Delivery

 IaaS delivers cloud computing infrastructure, including servers, network, operating systems, and storage,
through virtualization technology.
 These cloud servers are typically provided to the organization through a dashboard or an API, giving IaaS clients
complete control over the entire infrastructure.
 IaaS provides the same technologies and capabilities as a traditional data center without having to physically
maintain or manage all of it.
 IaaS clients can still access their servers and storage directly, but it is all outsourced through a “virtual data
center” in the cloud.
 As opposed to SaaS or PaaS, IaaS clients are responsible for managing aspects such as applications, runtime,
OSes, middleware, and data.
 However, providers of the IaaS manage the servers, hard drives, networking, virtualization, and storage. Some
providers even offer more services beyond the virtualization layer, such as databases or message queuing

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 IaaS Advantages

 IaaS offers many advantages, including:

 The most flexible cloud computing model
 Easy to automate deployment of storage, networking, servers, and processing power
 Hardware purchases can be based on consumption
 Clients retain complete control of their infrastructure
 Resources can be purchased as-needed
 Highly scalable

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 Characteristics of IaaS
 Characteristics that define IaaS include:
 Resources are available as a service
 Cost varies depending on consumption
 Services are highly scalable
 Multiple users on a single piece of hardware
 Organization retain complete control of the infrastructure
 Dynamic and flexible
 When to Use IaaS
 Just as with SaaS and PaaS, there are specific situations when IaaS is most advantageous.
 Startups and small companies may prefer IaaS to avoid spending time and money on purchasing and creating
hardware and software.
 Larger companies may prefer to retain complete control over their applications and infrastructure, but they want to
purchase only what they actually consume or need.
 Companies experiencing rapid growth like the scalability of IaaS, and they can change out specific hardware and
software easily as their needs evolve.
 Anytime you are unsure of a new application’s demands, IaaS offers plenty of flexibility and scalability.
Scenarios where IaaS may not be the best option
 Where regulatory compliance makes the outsourcing of data storage and processing difficult
 Where the highest levels of performance are required, and on-premise or dedicated hosted infrastructure has the
capacity to meet the organization’s needs
 Example of IaaS

 Popular examples of IaaS include:

 Rackspace
 Amazon Web Services (AWS)
 Cisco Metacloud
 Microsoft Azure
 Google Compute Engine (GCE)
 Digital Ocean
SaaS providers

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Comparison of PaaS providers

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Comparison of IaaS providers

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 Connecting to the Cloud
 Clients can connect to a cloud service in a number of different ways.
 These are the two most common means:
 A Web browser
 A proprietary application
 These applications can be running on a server, a PC, a mobile device, or a cell phone.
 What these devices have in common with either of these application types is that they are exchanging data over
an inherently insecure and transient medium.
 There are three basic methods for securely connecting over a connection:
 Use a secure protocol to transfer data such as SSL (HTTPS), FTPS, or connect using a secure shell such as
SSH to connect a client to the cloud.
 Create a virtual connection using a virtual private network (VPN), where the data is protected by a tunneling
mechanism. your computer accesses a server through the internet, using an encrypted connection. This secure
connection can be thought of as a tunnel between your computer and a server operated by the VPN service in a
remote destination.
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 Encrypt the data so that even if the data is intercepted or sniffed, the data will not be meaningful.
SaaS Vs. PaaS

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 SaaS Vs. PaaS
Basis Of PAAS SAAS
Stands for Platform as a services. Software as a services.
Uses PAAS is used by developer. SAAS is used by end user.

PAAS give access to run time environment to deployment

Access SAAS give access to the end user.
and development tools for application.

It is a cloud computing model that delivers tools that is used It is a service model in cloud computing that
Model
for development of application. host software make available for client.

Technical In which you required knowledge of subject to understand There is no requirement about technicalities
understanding basic setup. company handle everything.

It is popular between consumer and

It popular between developer who focus on the
Popularity company.such as file sharing, email and
development of apps and scripts.
networking.
Cloud services Facebook, and google search engine. M.S office web, Facebook and google apps.
Enterprise
Microsoft azure. IBM cloud analysis.
services 24
 SaaS Vs. PaaS
Basis Of PAAS SAAS
Service Level Agreements(SLA) should be
Agreement Service Level Agreements(SLA) are not available
checked properly

Management Applications and Data are managed by users in PAAS All the requirements are managed by a third party.

Users PAAS users are mostly developers SAAS users need not be developers always

In SAAS, the contribution of the user is not needed

Configuration and setup have to be done in PAAS
to build the software.
The cost of SAAS includes maintenance, security,
In PAAS, we have to pay for each service individually.
and all the compliance

The servers, storage, and networking is either controlled A third-party provider controls the servers,
by a developer or third-party provider. storage, and networking.

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 Using PaaS Application Frameworks
 Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows programmers to easily create,
test, run, and deploy web applications.
 PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking) and platform (middleware, development
tools, database management systems, business intelligence, and more) to support the web application
life cycle.
 PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application frameworks, Databases, and Other
tools:

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 Using PaaS Application Frameworks
 Programming languages
PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to develop the applications. Some
popular programming languages provided by PaaS providers are Java, PHP, Ruby,Perl, and Go.
 Application frameworks
PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the application development.
Some popular application frameworks provided by PaaS providers are Node.js, Drupal, Joomla,WordPress,
Spring, Play, Rack,and Zend.
 Databases
PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Redis to
communicate with the applications.
 Other tools
PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test, and deploy the applications.

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 Using PaaS Application Frameworks
 Programming languages
PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to develop the applications. Some popular
programming languages provided by PaaS providers are Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go.
 Application frameworks
PaaS provides a application framework that developers can build upon to develop or customize cloud-based applications.
PaaS lets developers create applications using built-in software components.
Cloud features such as scalability, high-availability and multi-tenant capability are included, reducing the amount of coding
that developers must do.
Some popular application frameworks provided by PaaS providers are Node.js, Drupal, Joomla,WordPress, Spring,
Play, Rack,and Zend.
 Databases
PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Redis to communicate with the
applications.
 Other tools
PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test, and deploy the applications.
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 Types of PaaS
 Various types of PaaS are currently available to developers. They are:
 Public PaaS
 Private PaaS
 Hybrid PaaS
 Communications PaaS
 Mobile PaaS
 OpenPaaS

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 Examples of PaaS products and vendors
There are many examples of PaaS vendors and products that supply the tools and services needed to build enterprise
applications in the cloud.

Among the leading providers are:

 Google
 Microsoft
 Amazon Web Services (AWS)
 IBM
 Red Hat
 Pivotal
 Oracle
 Heroku
 Mendix
 Engine Yard

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 Examples of PaaS products and vendors
Google App Engine supports distributed web applications using Java, Python, PHP and Go. 

Red Hat OpenShift is a PaaS offering for creating open source applications using a wide variety of languages,
databases and components.

The Heroku PaaS offers Unix-style container computing instances that run processes in isolated environments,
while supporting languages like Ruby, Python, Java, Scala, Clojure and
Node.js.

Microsoft Azure supports application development in .NET, Node.js, PHP, Python, Java and Ruby, and allows
developers to use software developer kits and Azure DevOps to create and deploy applications.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk  allows users to create, deploy and scale web applications and services developed with Java,
.NET, PHP, Node.js, Python, Ruby, Go and Docker on common servers, such as Apache,
Nginx, Passenger and IIS.

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 Using PaaS Application Frameworks
 Application frameworks provide a means for creating SaaS hosted applications using an integrated development environment (IDE).
 PaaS IDEs run complete range of tools that requires a programming staff to create and run to point-and-click graphical interfaces that
any knowledgeable computer user can navigate and create something useful with.
 Considering examples of Web sites and application building PaaS systems.
 Many Web sites are based on the concept of information management and organization, they are referred to as Content
Management Systems (CMS).
 The Drupal CMS was chosen as an example of this type of PaaS because it is so widely used and has broad industry impact, and it is
a full-strength developer tools.
 Whereas Drupal is used in major Web sites and organizes vast amounts of information, the site Squarespace.com was chosen to
illustrate a point-and-click CMS system aimed at supporting individuals, small businesses, and other small organizations.
 Squarespace is an example of a Web site builder and deployment tool that has elements of a PaaS development environment. The
applications are built using visual tools and deployed on hosted infrastructure
 Squarespace is often associated with blogging tools (as is Drupal), but it is more than that. Squarespace works with photos, imports
information from other social tools, and allows very attractive Web sites to be created by average users.
 Squarespace is the all-in-one solution for anyone looking to create a beautiful website. Domains, eCommerce, hosting, galleries,
analytics
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 Artatm.com has a gallery of some of the more attractive and well-known sites built with Drupal.
 Using PaaS Application Frameworks
 Eccentex AppBase, LongJump, and Wolf were chosen as examples of developer-oriented services aimed at users and
developers who want to create Web-based applications based on Service Oriented Architecture protocols and services.
 Eccentex is a company founded in 2005 that has a PaaS development platform for Web applications based on SOA
component architecture to create Cloudware applications using its AppBase architecture.
 www.eccentex.com/platform/platform.html
 AppBase includes a set of different tools for building these applications, including the following:
 Business Objects Build
 Presentation Builder
 Business Process Designer
 lDashboard Designer
 Report Builder
 Security Roles Management

 https://www.sitepoint.com/top-5-paas-solutions-developing-java-applications/
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 LongJump
 LongJump (http://www.longjump.com/) is a company, hosting service with a PaaS application development
suite.
 Its development environment is based on Java and uses REST/SOAP APIs.
 LongJump extends Java and uses a Model-View-Controller architecture (MVC) for its framework in the Developer Suite.
The platform uses Java Server Pages (JSP), Java, and JavaScript for its various components and its actions with objects
built with Java classes.

WaveMaker
 WaveMaker (http://www.wavemaker.com/) is a visual rapid application development envi-ronment for creating Java-based
Web and cloud Ajax applications.
 The software is open-source and offered under the Apache license.
 WaveMaker is a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) drag-and-drop environment that runs inside a browser.

 So,we looked at some of the better-known PaaS systems and considered what those tools have in common.
 We also looked about a number of tools, including Drupal, Eccentex AppBase,, LongJump, Squarespace, Wolf, Force.com
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 Identity as a Service, and Compliance as a Service
 As we know that there are three(3) service models that have been universally accepted, that are (SaaS ,
PaaS,IaaS).
 These three different service models taken together have come to be known as the SPI model of cloud
computing.
 Apart from these 3 Service Model , Any Thing in Cloud Computing is service which is denoted by XaaS.
 There are many different service models other than these 3 models present in XaaS family.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_a_service

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 Identity as a Service
 As cloud computing matures, several service types are being introduced and overlaid upon these cloud
architectures.
 The most fully developed among these service types is Identity as a Service (IDaaS).
 Consider, Employees in a company require to login into system to perform various tasks.
 These systems may be based on local server or cloud based.
 Following are the problems that an employee might face:
 Remembering different username and password combinations for accessing multiple servers.
 If an employee leaves the company, it's required to ensure that each of the user's account has been disabled.
 This increases workload on IT staff.
 To solve above problems, a new technique emerged which is known as Identity as a Service (IDaaS).
 Identity as a Service provides Authentication and Authorization services on distributed networks.
 IDaaS offers management of identity (information) as a digital entity.
 This identity can be used during electronic transactions.
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 Identity as a Service
 Identity as a Service, or IDaaS is cloud-based authentication built and operated by a third-party provider. IDaaS
companies supply cloud-based authentication or identity management to enterprises who subscribe.
 Identity-as-a-Service, or IDaaS, is a type of SaaS.

 Identity :- Identity refers to set of attributes associated with something to make it recognizable. All
objects may have same attributes, but their identities cannot be the same. A unique identity is assigned
through unique identification attribute
IDaaS providers can offer a number of user authentication services, such as:

• Multi Factor Authentication(MFA)

• Single sign-on services
• Identity and profile management
• Directory services
• Federated services
• Registration
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 Identity as a Service
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to verify a user's
identity. Authentication factors:-Knowledge factors, Possession factors , Inherence factors, Location
factors, Time factors
 Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all of their
SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage the applications
each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users to access their SSO
login pages through a web browser.
 Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP may check
user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may simply provide a list of
user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.
 https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-identity-as-a-service/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_identity_as_a_service.htm
 https://www.okta.com/identity-101/idaas/
 https://auth0.com/blog/identity-as-a-service-in-2018/ 24
 Identity as a Service
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to verify a user's
identity.
 Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all of their
SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage the applications
each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users to access their SSO
login pages through a web browser.
 Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP may check
user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may simply provide a list of
user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.

 https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-identity-as-a-service/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_identity_as_a_service.htm
 https://www.okta.com/identity-101/idaas/ 24
 Identity as a Service
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to verify a user's
identity.
 Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all of their
SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage the applications
each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users to access their SSO
login pages through a web browser.
 Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP may check
user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may simply provide a list of
user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.

 https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-identity-as-a-service/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_identity_as_a_service.htm
 https://www.okta.com/identity-101/idaas/ 24
 Identity as a Service
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to verify a user's
identity.
 Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all of their
SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage the applications
each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users to access their SSO
login pages through a web browser.
 Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP may check
user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may simply provide a list of
user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.

 https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-identity-as-a-service/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_identity_as_a_service.htm
 https://www.okta.com/identity-101/idaas/ 24
 Identity as a Service
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to verify a user's
identity.
 Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all of their
SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage the applications
each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users to access their SSO
login pages through a web browser.
 Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP may check
user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may simply provide a list of
user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.

 https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-identity-as-a-service/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_identity_as_a_service.htm
 https://www.okta.com/identity-101/idaas/ 24
 Identity as a Service
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to verify a user's
identity.
 Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all of their
SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage the applications
each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users to access their SSO
login pages through a web browser.
 Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP may check
user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may simply provide a list of
user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.

 https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-identity-as-a-service/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_identity_as_a_service.htm
 https://www.okta.com/identity-101/idaas/ 24
 Identity as a Service
 Multi-factor authentication (MFA): MFA is the use of multiple authentication factors to verify a user's
identity.
 Single sign-on (SSO): SSO allows users to sign in once to a single portal in order to access all of their
SaaS applications, and it also provides a centralized place for companies to manage the applications
each user has access to. Most SSO services are cloud-hosted and allow users to access their SSO
login pages through a web browser.
 Identity management: An identity provider (IdP) stores and manages user identities. An IdP may check
user identities via username-password combinations and other factors, or it may simply provide a list of
user identities that another service provider checks. Cloud-hosted IdPs fit under the IDaaS umbrella.

 https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/what-is-identity-as-a-service/
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cloud_computing/cloud_computing_identity_as_a_service.htm
 https://www.okta.com/identity-101/idaas/ 24