Scribd
Upload
735 views

Lesson 5 - Corpuscles To Chemical Atomic Theory

1) John Dalton developed the first Chemical Atomic Theory in the early 1800s, which established that all matter is composed of small indivisible particles called atoms, and that atoms of different elements have unique properties and masses. 2) Dalton's theory helped explain laws discovered by other scientists like Lavoisier, Proust, and Gay-Lussac regarding conservation of mass in chemical reactions and definite proportions of elements in compounds. 3) Later scientists like Avogadro and Mendeleev further expanded on Dalton's theory by determining that elements can be composed of molecules of multiple atoms and by organizing the known elements into the first periodic table based on their atomic properties.

Uploaded by

Eji Alcoreza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
735 views

Lesson 5 - Corpuscles To Chemical Atomic Theory

1) John Dalton developed the first Chemical Atomic Theory in the early 1800s, which established that all matter is composed of small indivisible particles called atoms, and that atoms of different elements have unique properties and masses. 2) Dalton's theory helped explain laws discovered by other scientists like Lavoisier, Proust, and Gay-Lussac regarding conservation of mass in chemical reactions and definite proportions of elements in compounds. 3) Later scientists like Avogadro and Mendeleev further expanded on Dalton's theory by determining that elements can be composed of molecules of multiple atoms and by organizing the known elements into the first periodic table based on their atomic properties.

Uploaded by

Eji Alcoreza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Corpuscles to Chemical Atomic Theory

(The Development of Atomic Theory)


Learning Objectives
a. I can point out the main ideas in the discovery of the structure of
the atom and its
subatomic particles
b. I can cite the contribution of John Dalton toward the understanding
of the concept of the
chemical elements
c. I can explain how Dalton’s theory contributed to the discovery of
other elements
2
Important Terms
a. Robert Boyle f. Chemical Atomic Theory
b. corpuscle g. 3 Fundamental Laws
c. Antoine Lavoisier h. Joseph Gay-Lussac
d. chemical element i. Amedeo Avogadro
e. John Dalton j. Dmitri Mendeleev
Robert Boyle
▪ (born January 25, 1627, Lismore Castle, County
Waterford, Ireland—died December 31, 1691, London,
England), Anglo-Irish natural philosopher and
theological writer, a preeminent figure of 17th-century
intellectual culture.
▪ He was best known as a natural philosopher, particularly
in the field of chemistry, but his scientific work covered
many areas including hydrostatics, physics, medicine,
earth sciences, natural history, and alchemy.

4
▪ The practice of performing experiments and
attempting to give possible explanations to
their results and observations became more
widespread. Around 1789, a French man
named Antoine Lavoisier used closed vessels
and precise weight measurements in many
experiments to achieve the following:

5
▪ He disproved the principle of phlogiston, where heated metals were
thought to lose a substance of negative weight. Metals, which gain
weight when heated in open air, actually react with oxygen air, causing it
to form a calx (metal oxide).
▪ He showed that air is not an element because it could be separated into
several components. By looking at the air from reacting metals and
calces, he found different “types”of air, one of which caused burning to
happen. Lavoisier called it oxygen.
▪ He showed that water is not an element, because it was made of two
substances. Oxygen was found to produce water when burned in the
presence of “flammable air” (a part of air that would be later called
hydrogen).

6
▪ Aristotle’s thinking of a universe composed of three or four
elements.

7
Chemical Element
▪ A chemical element is a substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler components.
▪ He defined a compound as a substance composed of these
elements. He came up with an initial list of 33 elements, and
created a systematic way of naming elements and the compounds
they created.
▪ He also wrote the first Chemistry textbook. For this and many
other contributions, he became known as the Father of Chemistry.

8
John Dalton
▪ (1766-1844), to further develop the concept of the atom. His
Chemical Atomic Theory merged the concepts of the atom and
element, and formally established the two in the practice of
chemistry.

9
▪ His Chemical Atomic Theory merged the concepts of the atom
and element, and formally established the two in the practice of
chemistry.

10
▪ Gases, and all chemically inseparable elements, are made of
atoms.
▪ The atoms of an element are identical in their masses.
▪ Atoms of different elements have different masses.
▪ Atoms combine in small, whole number ratios.

11
3 Fundamental Laws

▪ Antoine Lavoisier’s Law of Conservation of Mass


▪ Joseph Proust’s Law of Definite Proportions
▪ John Dalton’s Law of Multiple Proportions

12
Dalton’s Chemical Atomic
Theory:
▪ that elements were made of the same atoms and had properties
unique to the element, while chemical compounds were made of
different combined or compounded atoms, and exhibited different
sets of properties.
▪ that one could compute the weights of elements (and their atoms)
by looking at comparable amounts of the compounds they
formed.
13
Dalton’s Chemical
Atomic Theory:
▪ that one could compute atomic weights compared to a reference.
Dalton set the atomic weight of hydrogen to 1 as this reference.
For this reason, the unit for atomic weight was called the dalton
for some time (it is now called the AMU or atomic mass unit).

14
Other scientists who made
headway in the concept of the
element to Dalton’s theory
15
Joseph Gay-Lussac
▪ Determined that oxygen gas was made of 2 atoms of oxygen and
took the form of a molecule instead of an atom.
▪ This offered the possibility that an element wasn’t necessarily
made up of one atom, thus distinguishing the atom from the
molecule.

16
Amedeo Avogadro
▪ (the man who conceptualized the mole) determined that
equivalent volumes of two gases under similar conditions
contained equal numbers of particles, and that differences in their
masses was a result of a difference in their molecular mass.
▪ He figured out a reliable way of weighing atoms and molecules.
This was something Dalton lacked in his theory.

17
18
Dmitri Mendeleev

▪ published a periodic table of elements that ordered elements


according to their atomic weights. He noted patterns in their
properties that enabled him to predict the discovery of other
elements. His table became the basis of the modern Periodic
Table.

19
20
Thanks!

21

You might also like